你可以实现你自己的异常和它们的处理，例如:

// define exceptions "classes" 
function NotNumberException() {}
function NotPositiveNumberException() {}

// try some code
try {
    // some function/code that can throw
    if (isNaN(value))
        throw new NotNumberException();
    else
    if (value < 0)
        throw new NotPositiveNumberException();
}
catch (e) {
    if (e instanceof NotNumberException) {
        alert("not a number");
    }
    else
    if (e instanceof NotPositiveNumberException) {
        alert("not a positive number");
    }
}

还有另一种捕获类型化异常的语法，尽管这并不适用于所有浏览器(例如不是在IE中):

// define exceptions "classes" 
function NotNumberException() {}
function NotPositiveNumberException() {}

// try some code
try {
    // some function/code that can throw
    if (isNaN(value))
        throw new NotNumberException();
    else
    if (value < 0)
        throw new NotPositiveNumberException();
}
catch (e if e instanceof NotNumberException) {
    alert("not a number");
}
catch (e if e instanceof NotPositiveNumberException) {
    alert("not a positive number");
}

用于ES2015类的asselin答案的替代方案

class InvalidArgumentException extends Error {
    constructor(message) {
        super();
        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
        this.name = "InvalidArgumentException";
        this.message = message;
    }
}

你可以实现你自己的异常和它们的处理，例如:

// define exceptions "classes" 
function NotNumberException() {}
function NotPositiveNumberException() {}

// try some code
try {
    // some function/code that can throw
    if (isNaN(value))
        throw new NotNumberException();
    else
    if (value < 0)
        throw new NotPositiveNumberException();
}
catch (e) {
    if (e instanceof NotNumberException) {
        alert("not a number");
    }
    else
    if (e instanceof NotPositiveNumberException) {
        alert("not a positive number");
    }
}

还有另一种捕获类型化异常的语法，尽管这并不适用于所有浏览器(例如不是在IE中):

// define exceptions "classes" 
function NotNumberException() {}
function NotPositiveNumberException() {}

// try some code
try {
    // some function/code that can throw
    if (isNaN(value))
        throw new NotNumberException();
    else
    if (value < 0)
        throw new NotPositiveNumberException();
}
catch (e if e instanceof NotNumberException) {
    alert("not a number");
}
catch (e if e instanceof NotPositiveNumberException) {
    alert("not a positive number");
}

ES6

使用新的类和扩展关键字，现在更容易:

class CustomError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
    //something
  }
}

从WebReference:

throw { 
  name:        "System Error", 
  level:       "Show Stopper", 
  message:     "Error detected. Please contact the system administrator.", 
  htmlMessage: "Error detected. Please contact the <a href=\"mailto:sysadmin@acme-widgets.com\">system administrator</a>.",
  toString:    function(){return this.name + ": " + this.message;} 
}; 

是的。你可以抛出任何你想抛出的东西:整数、字符串、对象等等。如果要抛出一个对象，那么只需创建一个新对象，就像在其他情况下创建一个对象一样，然后抛出它。Mozilla的Javascript参考中有几个例子。