你可以实现你自己的异常和它们的处理，例如:

// define exceptions "classes" 
function NotNumberException() {}
function NotPositiveNumberException() {}

// try some code
try {
    // some function/code that can throw
    if (isNaN(value))
        throw new NotNumberException();
    else
    if (value < 0)
        throw new NotPositiveNumberException();
}
catch (e) {
    if (e instanceof NotNumberException) {
        alert("not a number");
    }
    else
    if (e instanceof NotPositiveNumberException) {
        alert("not a positive number");
    }
}

还有另一种捕获类型化异常的语法，尽管这并不适用于所有浏览器(例如不是在IE中):

// define exceptions "classes" 
function NotNumberException() {}
function NotPositiveNumberException() {}

// try some code
try {
    // some function/code that can throw
    if (isNaN(value))
        throw new NotNumberException();
    else
    if (value < 0)
        throw new NotPositiveNumberException();
}
catch (e if e instanceof NotNumberException) {
    alert("not a number");
}
catch (e if e instanceof NotPositiveNumberException) {
    alert("not a positive number");
}

使用throw语句。

JavaScript并不关心异常类型(就像Java一样)。 JavaScript只是注意到，有一个异常，当你捕捉到它，你可以“看看”异常“说”什么。

如果你有不同的异常类型，你必须抛出，我建议使用变量包含异常的字符串/对象，即消息。在需要它的地方使用“throw myException”，在catch中，将捕获的异常与myException进行比较。

从WebReference:

throw { 
  name:        "System Error", 
  level:       "Show Stopper", 
  message:     "Error detected. Please contact the system administrator.", 
  htmlMessage: "Error detected. Please contact the <a href=\"mailto:sysadmin@acme-widgets.com\">system administrator</a>.",
  toString:    function(){return this.name + ": " + this.message;} 
}; 

我经常使用带有原型继承的方法。重写toString()的好处是，像Firebug这样的工具将记录实际信息，而不是将[object object]记录到控制台，以查找未捕获的异常。

使用instanceof来确定异常的类型。

main.js

// just an exemplary namespace
var ns = ns || {};

// include JavaScript of the following
// source files here (e.g. by concatenation)

var someId = 42;
throw new ns.DuplicateIdException('Another item with ID ' +
    someId + ' has been created');
// Firebug console:
// uncaught exception: [Duplicate ID] Another item with ID 42 has been created

Exception.js

ns.Exception = function() {
}

/**
 * Form a string of relevant information.
 *
 * When providing this method, tools like Firebug show the returned 
 * string instead of [object Object] for uncaught exceptions.
 *
 * @return {String} information about the exception
 */
ns.Exception.prototype.toString = function() {
    var name = this.name || 'unknown';
    var message = this.message || 'no description';
    return '[' + name + '] ' + message;
};

DuplicateIdException.js

ns.DuplicateIdException = function(message) {
    this.name = 'Duplicate ID';
    this.message = message;
};

ns.DuplicateIdException.prototype = new ns.Exception();

//create error object
var error = new Object();
error.reason="some reason!";

//business function
function exception(){
    try{
        throw error;
    }catch(err){
        err.reason;
    }
}

现在我们设置，添加原因或任何我们想要的属性到错误对象并检索它。通过使误差更合理。

function MyError(message) {
 this.message = message;
}

MyError.prototype = new Error;

这允许使用像..

try {
  something();
 } catch(e) {
  if(e instanceof MyError)
   doSomethingElse();
  else if(e instanceof Error)
   andNowForSomethingCompletelyDifferent();
}