稍微修改了Brian的答案，允许可选的读启动管理，这似乎是最简单的方法。可能不是最有效的，但容易理解和使用。

Public Function ReadAll(ByVal memStream As MemoryStream, Optional ByVal startPos As Integer = 0) As String
    ' reset the stream or we'll get an empty string returned
    ' remember the position so we can restore it later
    Dim Pos = memStream.Position
    memStream.Position = startPos

    Dim reader As New StreamReader(memStream)
    Dim str = reader.ReadToEnd()

    ' reset the position so that subsequent writes are correct
    memStream.Position = Pos

    Return str
End Function

为什么不在MemoryStream类型上做一个很好的扩展方法呢?

public static class MemoryStreamExtensions
{

    static object streamLock = new object();

    public static void WriteLine(this MemoryStream stream, string text, bool flush)
    {
        byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text + Environment.NewLine);
        lock (streamLock)
        {
            stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
            if (flush)
            {
                stream.Flush();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void WriteLine(this MemoryStream stream, string formatString, bool flush, params string[] strings)
    {
        byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(String.Format(formatString, strings) + Environment.NewLine);
        lock (streamLock)
        {
            stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
            if (flush)
            {
                stream.Flush();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void WriteToConsole(this MemoryStream stream)
    {
        lock (streamLock)
        {
            long temporary = stream.Position;
            stream.Position = 0;
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8, false, 0x1000, true))
            {
                string text = reader.ReadToEnd();
                if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(text))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(text);
                }
            }
            stream.Position = temporary;
        }
    }
}

当然，在将这些方法与标准方法结合使用时要小心。:)……为了实现并发性，你需要使用那个方便的streamLock。

你也可以使用

Encoding.ASCII.GetString(ms.ToArray());

我不认为这是低效率，但我不能保证。它还允许您选择不同的编码，而使用StreamReader时，您必须将其指定为参数。

这个示例展示了如何将字符串读写到MemoryStream。

Imports System.IO

Module Module1
  Sub Main()
    ' We don't need to dispose any of the MemoryStream 
    ' because it is a managed object. However, just for 
    ' good practice, we'll close the MemoryStream.
    Using ms As New MemoryStream
      Dim sw As New StreamWriter(ms)
      sw.WriteLine("Hello World")
      ' The string is currently stored in the 
      ' StreamWriters buffer. Flushing the stream will 
      ' force the string into the MemoryStream.
      sw.Flush()
      ' If we dispose the StreamWriter now, it will close 
      ' the BaseStream (which is our MemoryStream) which 
      ' will prevent us from reading from our MemoryStream
      'sw.Dispose()

      ' The StreamReader will read from the current 
      ' position of the MemoryStream which is currently 
      ' set at the end of the string we just wrote to it. 
      ' We need to set the position to 0 in order to read 
      ' from the beginning.
      ms.Position = 0
      Dim sr As New StreamReader(ms)
      Dim myStr = sr.ReadToEnd()
      Console.WriteLine(myStr)

      ' We can dispose our StreamWriter and StreamReader 
      ' now, though this isn't necessary (they don't hold 
      ' any resources open on their own).
      sw.Dispose()
      sr.Dispose()
    End Using

    Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue.")
    Console.ReadKey()
  End Sub
End Module

byte[] array = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("MyTest1 - MyTest2");
MemoryStream streamItem = new MemoryStream(array);

// convert to string
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(streamItem);
string text = reader.ReadToEnd();

以前的解决方案在涉及编码的情况下不起作用。这是一个“现实生活”的例子，如何正确地做到这一点…

using(var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
{
  var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(IEnumerable<ExportData>),  new[]{typeof(ExportData)}, Int32.MaxValue, true, null, false);               
  serializer.WriteObject(stream, model);  


  var jsonString = Encoding.Default.GetString((stream.ToArray()));
}