// Read a page's GET URL variables and return them as an associative array.
function getUrlVars()
{
    var vars = [], hash;
    var hashes = window.location.href.slice(window.location.href.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');
    for(var i = 0; i < hashes.length; i++)
    {
        hash = hashes[i].split('=');
        vars.push(hash[0]);
        vars[hash[0]] = hash[1];
    }
    return vars;
}

// Usage for URL: http://my.site.com/location?locationId=53cc272c0364aefcb78756cd&shared=false
var id = getUrlVars()["locationId"];

从这里得到：http://jquery-howto.blogspot.ru/2009/09/get-url-parameters-values-with-jquery.html

$_GET: function (param) {
    var regex = new RegExp("(?:[?&]+" + param + "=)([^&]*)?", "i");
    var match = regex.exec(window.location.href);
    return match === null ? match : match[1];
}

以下是我的解决方案：jsfiddle

下面的方法返回一个包含给定URL参数的字典。如果没有参数，则为空。

function getParams(url){
    var paramsStart = url.indexOf('?');
    var params = null;

    //no params available
    if(paramsStart != -1){
        var paramsString = url.substring(url.indexOf('?') + 1, url.length);

        //only '?' available
        if(paramsString != ""){
            var paramsPairs = paramsString.split('&');

            //preparing
            params = {};
            var empty = true;
            var index  = 0;
            var key = "";
            var val = "";

            for(i = 0, len = paramsPairs.length; i < len; i++){
                index = paramsPairs[i].indexOf('=');

                //if assignment symbol found
                if(index != -1){
                    key = paramsPairs[i].substring(0, index);
                    val = paramsPairs[i].substring(index + 1, paramsPairs[i].length);

                    if(key != "" && val != ""){

                        //extend here for decoding, integer parsing, whatever...

                        params[key] = val;

                        if(empty){
                            empty = false;
                        }
                    }                    
                }
            }

            if(empty){
                params = null;
            }
        }
    }

    return params;
}

function getParamValue(param) {
    var urlParamString = location.search.split(param + "=");
    if (urlParamString.length <= 1) return "";
    else {
        var tmp = urlParamString[1].split("&");
        return tmp[0];
    }
}

无论参数是否为最后一个，这都适用于您的情况。

使用URLSearchParams的超简单方法。

function getParam(param){
  return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(param);
}

目前，Chrome、Firefox、Safari、Edge和其他浏览器都支持它。

// http:localhost:8080/path?param_1=a&param_2=b
var getParamsMap = function () {
    var params = window.location.search.split("&");
    var paramsMap = {};
    params.forEach(function (p) {
        var v = p.split("=");
        paramsMap[v[0]]=decodeURIComponent(v[1]);
    });
    return paramsMap;
};

// -----------------------

console.log(getParamsMap()["param_1"]);  // should log "a"