在基于Gecko/ webkit的浏览器(Firefox、Chrome和Safari)和Opera中，可以使用btoa()和atob()。

原来的答案:如何在JavaScript中将字符串编码为Base64 ?

除acsi或iso-8859-1以外的编码的Base64 Win-1251解码。

结果，我在这里看到的所有脚本都将西里尔Base64转换为iso-8859-1编码。奇怪的是没有人注意到这一点。

因此，要恢复西里尔字母，只需将文本从iso-8859-1转换为windows-1251即可。

我认为其他语言也是如此。只要把Cyrilic window -1251改成你的。

…感谢Der Hochstapler的代码，我从他的评论中了解到…过度评论，这有点不寻常。

JScript代码(仅适用于Windows桌面)(ActiveXObject) - 1251文件编码

decode_base64=function(f){var g={},b=65,d=0,a,c=0,h,e="",k=String.fromCharCode,l=f.length;for(a="";91>b;)a+=k(b++);a+=a.toLowerCase()+"0123456789+/";for(b=0;64>b;b++)g[a.charAt(b)]=b;for(a=0;a<l;a++)for(b=g[f.charAt(a)],d=(d<<6)+b,c+=6;8<=c;)((h=d>>>(c-=8)&255)||a<l-2)&&(e+=k(h));return e};
sDOS2Win = function(sText, bInsideOut) {
    var aCharsets = ["iso-8859-1", "windows-1251"];
    sText += "";
    bInsideOut = bInsideOut ? 1 : 0;
    with (new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream")) { //http://www.w3schools.com/ado/ado_ref_stream.asp
        type = 2; //Binary 1, Text 2 (default) 
        mode = 3; //Permissions have not been set 0,  Read-only 1,  Write-only 2,  Read-write 3,  
        //Prevent other read 4,  Prevent other write 8,  Prevent other open 12,  Allow others all 16
        charset = aCharsets[bInsideOut]; 
        open();
        writeText(sText);
        position = 0;
        charset = aCharsets[1 - bInsideOut];
        return readText();
    }
}
var base64='0PPx8ero5SDh8+ru4uroIQ=='
text = sDOS2Win(decode_base64(base64), false );
WScript.Echo(text)
var x=WScript.StdIn.ReadLine();

一些浏览器，如Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera和IE10+可以原生处理Base64。看看这个Stackoverflow问题。它使用btoa()和atob()函数。

对于服务器端JavaScript (Node)，可以使用buffer进行解码。

如果你想要一个跨浏览器的解决方案，有像CryptoJS这样的现有库或如下代码:

http://ntt.cc/2008/01/19/base64-encoder-decoder-with-javascript.html(存档)

对于后者，您需要彻底测试该函数的跨浏览器兼容性。错误已经报告过了。

对于没有atob方法的JavaScripts框架，如果你不想导入外部库，这是一个简短的函数。

它将获得一个包含Base64编码值的字符串，并将返回一个解码后的字节数组(其中字节数组表示为数字数组，其中每个数字都是0到255之间的整数)。

function fromBase64String(str) {
    var alpha = 
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
    var value = [];
    var index = 0;
    var destIndex  = 0;
    var padding = false;
    while (true) {

        var first  = getNextChr(str, index, padding, alpha);
        var second = getNextChr(str, first .nextIndex, first .padding, alpha);
        var third  = getNextChr(str, second.nextIndex, second.padding, alpha);
        var fourth = getNextChr(str, third .nextIndex, third .padding, alpha);

        index = fourth.nextIndex;
        padding = fourth.padding;

        // ffffffss sssstttt ttffffff
        var base64_first  = first.code  == null ? 0 : first.code;
        var base64_second = second.code == null ? 0 : second.code;
        var base64_third  = third.code  == null ? 0 : third.code;
        var base64_fourth = fourth.code == null ? 0 : fourth.code;

        var a = (( base64_first << 2) & 0xFC ) | ((base64_second>>4) & 0x03);
        var b = (( base64_second<< 4) & 0xF0 ) | ((base64_third >>2) & 0x0F);
        var c = (( base64_third << 6) & 0xC0 ) | ((base64_fourth>>0) & 0x3F);

        value [destIndex++] = a;
        if (!third.padding) {
            value [destIndex++] = b;
        } else {
            break;
        }
        if (!fourth.padding) {
            value [destIndex++] = c;
        } else {
            break;
        }
        if (index >= str.length) {
            break;
        }
    }
    return value;
}

function getNextChr(str, index, equalSignReceived, alpha) {
    var chr = null;
    var code = 0;
    var padding = equalSignReceived;
    while (index < str.length) {
        chr = str.charAt(index);
        if (chr == " " || chr == "\r" || chr == "\n" || chr == "\t") {
            index++;
            continue;
        }
        if (chr == "=") {
            padding = true;
        } else {
            if (equalSignReceived) {
                throw new Error("Invalid Base64 Endcoding character \"" 
                    + chr + "\" with code " + str.charCodeAt(index) 
                    + " on position " + index 
                    + " received afer an equal sign (=) padding "
                    + "character has already been received. "
                    + "The equal sign padding character is the only "
                    + "possible padding character at the end.");
            }
            code = alpha.indexOf(chr);
            if (code == -1) {
                throw new Error("Invalid Base64 Encoding character \"" 
                    + chr + "\" with code " + str.charCodeAt(index) 
                    + " on position " + index + ".");
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    return { character: chr, code: code, padding: padding, nextIndex: ++index};
}

使用的资源:RFC-4648第4节

现代浏览器有内置的javascript函数用于Base64编码btoa()和解码atob()。有关旧版本浏览器支持的更多信息:https://caniuse.com/?search=atob

但是，请注意atob和btoa函数仅适用于ASCII字符集。 如果你需要Base64函数的UTF-8字符集，你可以这样做:

function base64_encode(s) {      
    return btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(s)));
}
function base64_decode(s) {      
    return decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(s)));
}

前端:上面的解决方案很好，但后端很快……

NodeJS -不弃用

使用Buffer.from。

> inBase64 = Buffer.from('plain').toString('base64')
'cGxhaW4='

> // DEPRECATED //
> new Buffer(inBase64, 'base64').toString()
'plain'
> (node:1188987) [DEP0005] DeprecationWarning: Buffer() is deprecated due to security and usability issues. Please use the Buffer.alloc(), Buffer.allocUnsafe(), or Buffer.from() methods instead.
(Use `node --trace-deprecation ...` to show where the warning was created)

// Works //
> Buffer.from(inBase64, 'base64').toString()
'plain'