我认为获取第一个字符的快速答案可能是:

let firstCharacter = aString[aString.startIndex]

它的优雅和性能比:

let firstCharacter = Array(aString.characters).first

但. .如果你想操纵和做更多的操作与字符串，你可以考虑创建一个扩展..这是一个扩展与这种方法，它非常类似于已经在这里张贴:

extension String {
var length : Int {
    return self.characters.count
}

subscript(integerIndex: Int) -> Character {
    let index = startIndex.advancedBy(integerIndex)
    return self[index]
}

subscript(integerRange: Range<Int>) -> String {
    let start = startIndex.advancedBy(integerRange.startIndex)
    let end = startIndex.advancedBy(integerRange.endIndex)
    let range = start..<end
    return self[range]
}

}

但这是个糟糕的主意!!

下面的扩展是非常低效的。每次使用整数访问字符串时，都会运行一个O(n)函数来提高其起始索引。在另一个线性循环中运行一个线性循环意味着这个for循环意外地是O(n2)——随着字符串长度的增加，这个循环所花费的时间呈二次方增加。

而不是这样做，你可以使用字符的字符串集合。

斯威夫特4.2

这个答案是理想的，因为它在一个扩展中扩展了String及其所有子序列(Substring)

public extension StringProtocol {
    
    public subscript (i: Int) -> Element {
        return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
    }

    public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[start...end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[start..<end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[startIndex..<end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[startIndex...end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
        return self[start..<endIndex]
    }
}

使用

var str = "Hello, playground"

print(str[5...][...5][0])
// Prints ","

我刚想出了一个巧妙的变通办法

var firstChar = Array(string)[0]

不使用整数进行索引，只使用String.Index。主要是线性复杂度。您还可以从String中创建范围。索引并使用它们获取子字符串。

斯威夫特3.0

let firstChar = someString[someString.startIndex]
let lastChar = someString[someString.index(before: someString.endIndex)]
let charAtIndex = someString[someString.index(someString.startIndex, offsetBy: 10)]

let range = someString.startIndex..<someString.index(someString.startIndex, offsetBy: 10)
let substring = someString[range]

快2.倍

let firstChar = someString[someString.startIndex]
let lastChar = someString[someString.endIndex.predecessor()]
let charAtIndex = someString[someString.startIndex.advanceBy(10)]

let range = someString.startIndex..<someString.startIndex.advanceBy(10)
let subtring = someString[range]

请注意，不能使用从一个字符串到另一个字符串创建的索引(或范围)

let index10 = someString.startIndex.advanceBy(10)

//will compile
//sometimes it will work but sometimes it will crash or result in undefined behaviour
let charFromAnotherString = anotherString[index10]

到目前为止，下标(_:)不可用。就像我们不能这么做一样

str[0] 

与字符串。我们必须提供"String "。指数” 但是，我们如何给出我们自己的索引号呢，我们可以用，

string[str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 0)]

你也可以像这样将字符串转换为字符数组:

let text = "My Text"
let index = 2
let charSequence = text.unicodeScalars.map{ Character($0) }
let char = charSequence[index]

这是在常数时间内在指定索引处获取char的方法。

下面的示例不是在常数时间内运行，而是需要线性时间。所以如果你有很多搜索字符串索引使用上述方法。

let char = text[text.startIndex.advancedBy(index)]