我想出的最好的解决办法是使用计时器。

你已经在onPause()中启动了一个定时器，并在onResume()中取消了相同的定时器，有一个定时器的实例(通常在应用程序类中定义)。计时器本身被设置为在2秒后(或您认为合适的任何时间间隔)运行Runnable，当计时器触发时，您设置一个标志，将应用程序标记为在后台。

在取消定时器之前的onResume()方法中，您可以查询后台标志来执行任何启动操作(例如开始下载或启用位置服务)。

这个解决方案允许您在back堆栈上有几个活动，并且不需要任何权限来实现。

如果你也使用事件总线，这个解决方案也很有效，因为你的计时器可以简单地触发一个事件，应用程序的各个部分可以相应地做出响应。

这篇旧文章的另一个解决方案(对那些可能有帮助的人来说):

<application android:name=".BaseApplication" ... >

public class BaseApplication extends Application {

    private class Status {
        public boolean isVisible = true;
        public boolean isFocused = true;
    }

    private Map<Activity, Status> activities;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        activities = new HashMap<Activity, Status>();
        super.onCreate();
    }

    private boolean hasVisibleActivity() {
        for (Status status : activities.values())
            if (status.isVisible)
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    private boolean hasFocusedActivity() {
        for (Status status : activities.values())
            if (status.isFocused)
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    public void onActivityCreate(Activity activity, boolean isStarting) {
        if (isStarting && activities.isEmpty())
            onApplicationStart();
        activities.put(activity, new Status());
    }

    public void onActivityStart(Activity activity) {
        if (!hasVisibleActivity() && !hasFocusedActivity())
            onApplicationForeground();
        activities.get(activity).isVisible = true;
    }

    public void onActivityWindowFocusChanged(Activity activity, boolean hasFocus) {
        activities.get(activity).isFocused = hasFocus;
    }

    public void onActivityStop(Activity activity, boolean isFinishing) {
        activities.get(activity).isVisible = false;
        if (!isFinishing && !hasVisibleActivity() && !hasFocusedActivity())
            onApplicationBackground();
    }

    public void onActivityDestroy(Activity activity, boolean isFinishing) {
        activities.remove(activity);
        if(isFinishing && activities.isEmpty())
            onApplicationStop();
    }

    private void onApplicationStart() {Log.i(null, "Start");}
    private void onApplicationBackground() {Log.i(null, "Background");}
    private void onApplicationForeground() {Log.i(null, "Foreground");}
    private void onApplicationStop() {Log.i(null, "Stop");}

}

public class MyActivity extends BaseActivity {...}

public class BaseActivity extends Activity {

    private BaseApplication application;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle state) {
        application = (BaseApplication) getApplication();
        application.onActivityCreate(this, state == null);
        super.onCreate(state);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        application.onActivityStart(this);
        super.onStart();
    }

    @Override
    public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
        application.onActivityWindowFocusChanged(this, hasFocus);
        super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        application.onActivityStop(this, isFinishing());
        super.onStop();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        application.onActivityDestroy(this, isFinishing());
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}

我建议你仔细阅读这个页面:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html

简而言之，你的活动在onStop()被调用后不再可见。

在我的onResume和onPause活动中，我写了一个isVisible布尔值给sharedpreferences。

    SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
    Editor editor = sharedPrefs.edit();
    editor.putBoolean("visible", false);
    editor.commit();

如有需要可在其他地方阅读，

    // Show a Toast Notification if App is not visible (ie in background. Not running, etc) 
    SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
    if(!sharedPrefs.getBoolean("visible", true)){...}

也许不优雅，但对我来说很管用……

自从Android API 16以来，有一个简单的方法来检查应用程序是否在前台。这可能不是万无一失的，但Android上没有万无一失的方法。当你的服务接收到来自服务器的更新，并且必须决定是否显示通知时，这个方法就足够好了(因为如果UI是前台，用户会注意到更新而不通知)。

RunningAppProcessInfo myProcess = new RunningAppProcessInfo();
ActivityManager.getMyMemoryState(myProcess);
isInBackground = myProcess.importance != RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND;

我自己实现了ActivityLifecycleCallbacks。我正在使用SherlockActivity，但对于正常的活动类可能工作。

首先，我创建了一个接口，它有跟踪活动生命周期的所有方法:

public interface ActivityLifecycleCallbacks{
    public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity);
    public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity);
    public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState);
    public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity);
    public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity);
    public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity);
    public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState);
}

其次，我在我的应用程序的类中实现了这个接口:

public class MyApplication extends Application implements my.package.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks{

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();           
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity Stopped", activity.getLocalClassName());

    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity Started", activity.getLocalClassName());

    }

    @Override
    public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity SaveInstanceState", activity.getLocalClassName());
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity Resumed", activity.getLocalClassName());
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity Paused", activity.getLocalClassName());
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity Destroyed", activity.getLocalClassName());
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.i("Tracking Activity Created", activity.getLocalClassName());
    }
}

第三，我正在创建一个从SherlockActivity扩展的类:

public class MySherlockActivity extends SherlockActivity {

    protected MyApplication nMyApplication;

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        nMyApplication = (MyApplication) getApplication();
        nMyApplication.onActivityCreated(this, savedInstanceState);
    }

    protected void onResume() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        nMyApplication.onActivityResumed(this);
        super.onResume();

    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        nMyApplication.onActivityPaused(this);
        super.onPause();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        nMyApplication.onActivityDestroyed(this);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        nMyApplication.onActivityStarted(this);
        super.onStart();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        nMyApplication.onActivityStopped(this);
        super.onStop();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        nMyApplication.onActivitySaveInstanceState(this, outState);
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }   
}

第四，所有从SherlockActivity扩展的类，我替换为MySherlockActivity:

public class MainActivity extends MySherlockActivity{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }

}

现在，在日志记录中，您将看到MyApplication中Interface实现中编写的日志。