如何创建一个MySQL层次递归查询?

我有一个MySQL表，如下所示:

id	name	parent_id
19	category1	0
20	category2	19
21	category3	20
22	category4	21
...	...	...

现在，我想有一个单一的MySQL查询，我只是提供id[例如说id=19]，然后我应该得到它的所有子id[即结果应该有id '20,21,22']....

孩子们的等级尚不清楚;它可以变化....

我知道如何使用for循环…但是如何使用一个MySQL查询来实现相同的功能呢?

当前回答

试试这些:

表定义:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS category;
CREATE TABLE category (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(20),
    parent_id INT,
    CONSTRAINT fk_category_parent FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)
    REFERENCES category (id)
) engine=innodb;

实验行:

INSERT INTO category VALUES
(19, 'category1', NULL),
(20, 'category2', 19),
(21, 'category3', 20),
(22, 'category4', 21),
(23, 'categoryA', 19),
(24, 'categoryB', 23),
(25, 'categoryC', 23),
(26, 'categoryD', 24);

存储过程:

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS getpath;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE getpath(IN cat_id INT, OUT path TEXT)
BEGIN
    DECLARE catname VARCHAR(20);
    DECLARE temppath TEXT;
    DECLARE tempparent INT;
    SET max_sp_recursion_depth = 255;
    SELECT name, parent_id FROM category WHERE id=cat_id INTO catname, tempparent;
    IF tempparent IS NULL
    THEN
        SET path = catname;
    ELSE
        CALL getpath(tempparent, temppath);
        SET path = CONCAT(temppath, '/', catname);
    END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

存储过程的包装器函数:

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS getpath;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION getpath(cat_id INT) RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
    DECLARE res TEXT;
    CALL getpath(cat_id, res);
    RETURN res;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

选择的例子:

SELECT id, name, getpath(id) AS path FROM category;

输出:

+----+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| id | name      | path                                    |
+----+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| 19 | category1 | category1                               |
| 20 | category2 | category1/category2                     |
| 21 | category3 | category1/category2/category3           |
| 22 | category4 | category1/category2/category3/category4 |
| 23 | categoryA | category1/categoryA                     |
| 24 | categoryB | category1/categoryA/categoryB           |
| 25 | categoryC | category1/categoryA/categoryC           |
| 26 | categoryD | category1/categoryA/categoryB/categoryD |
+----+-----------+-----------------------------------------+

过滤指定路径的行:

SELECT id, name, getpath(id) AS path FROM category HAVING path LIKE 'category1/category2%';

输出:

+----+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| id | name      | path                                    |
+----+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| 20 | category2 | category1/category2                     |
| 21 | category3 | category1/category2/category3           |
| 22 | category4 | category1/category2/category3/category4 |
+----+-----------+-----------------------------------------+

2017-03-11 10:45:32

其他回答

您可以在其他数据库中使用递归查询(性能上的YMMV)很容易地做到这一点。

另一种方法是存储两个额外的数据位，一个左值和一个右值。左值和右值来自于对所表示的树结构的预序遍历。

这就是所谓的Modified Preorder Tree遍历，允许您运行一个简单的查询来一次性获得所有父值。它也被称为“嵌套集”。

2015-11-21 14:42:23

从博客管理分层数据在MySQL

表结构

+-------------+----------------------+--------+
| category_id | name                 | parent |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
|           1 | ELECTRONICS          |   NULL |
|           2 | TELEVISIONS          |      1 |
|           3 | TUBE                 |      2 |
|           4 | LCD                  |      2 |
|           5 | PLASMA               |      2 |
|           6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS |      1 |
|           7 | MP3 PLAYERS          |      6 |
|           8 | FLASH                |      7 |
|           9 | CD PLAYERS           |      6 |
|          10 | 2 WAY RADIOS         |      6 |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+

查询:

SELECT t1.name AS lev1, t2.name as lev2, t3.name as lev3, t4.name as lev4
FROM category AS t1
LEFT JOIN category AS t2 ON t2.parent = t1.category_id
LEFT JOIN category AS t3 ON t3.parent = t2.category_id
LEFT JOIN category AS t4 ON t4.parent = t3.category_id
WHERE t1.name = 'ELECTRONICS';

输出

+-------------+----------------------+--------------+-------+
| lev1        | lev2                 | lev3         | lev4  |
+-------------+----------------------+--------------+-------+
| ELECTRONICS | TELEVISIONS          | TUBE         | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | TELEVISIONS          | LCD          | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | TELEVISIONS          | PLASMA       | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | MP3 PLAYERS  | FLASH |
| ELECTRONICS | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | CD PLAYERS   | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 2 WAY RADIOS | NULL  |
+-------------+----------------------+--------------+-------+

大多数用户都曾经在SQL数据库中处理过层次数据，毫无疑问，他们知道层次数据的管理不是关系数据库的目的。关系数据库的表不是分层的(像XML一样)，而只是一个平面列表。层次数据具有亲子关系，在关系数据库表中不能自然地表示这种关系。阅读更多

更多细节请参考博客。

编辑:

select @pv:=category_id as category_id, name, parent from category
join
(select @pv:=19)tmp
where parent=@pv

输出:

category_id name    parent
19  category1   0
20  category2   19
21  category3   20
22  category4   21

参考:如何在Mysql中做递归SELECT查询?

2013-11-26 11:36:05

这是一个有点棘手的问题，检查一下它是否适合你

select a.id,if(a.parent = 0,@varw:=concat(a.id,','),@varw:=concat(a.id,',',@varw)) as list from (select * from recursivejoin order by if(parent=0,id,parent) asc) a left join recursivejoin b on (a.id = b.parent),(select @varw:='') as c  having list like '%19,%';

SQL小提琴链接http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!2 / e3cdf / 2

用字段名和表名替换。

2013-11-27 05:45:05

这里没有提到的是，为每个项添加持久路径列，尽管它与第二种备选方案有点相似，但对于大型层次结构查询和简单的(插入、更新、删除)项来说不同且成本较低。

一些像:

id | name        | path
19 | category1   | /19
20 | category2   | /19/20
21 | category3   | /19/20/21
22 | category4   | /19/20/21/22

例子:

-- get children of category3:
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE path LIKE '/19/20/21%'
-- Reparent an item:
UPDATE my_table SET path = REPLACE(path, '/19/20', '/15/16') WHERE path LIKE '/19/20/%'

优化路径长度和ORDER BY路径使用base36编码代替实际数值路径id

 // base10 => base36
 '1' => '1',
 '10' => 'A',
 '100' => '2S',
 '1000' => 'RS',
 '10000' => '7PS',
 '100000' => '255S',
 '1000000' => 'LFLS',
 '1000000000' => 'GJDGXS',
 '1000000000000' => 'CRE66I9S'

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base36

还通过对编码的id使用固定长度和填充来抑制斜杠'/'分隔符

详细优化说明如下: https://bojanz.wordpress.com/2014/04/25/storing-hierarchical-data-materialized-path/

TODO

构建一个函数或过程，以分割检索一个项的祖先的路径

2018-01-21 01:28:23