我有一个javascript应用程序，发送ajax POST请求到某个URL。Response可以是JSON字符串，也可以是文件(作为附件)。我可以很容易地在ajax调用中检测到Content-Type和Content-Disposition，但是一旦我检测到响应包含一个文件，我如何让客户端下载它呢?我在这里读过一些类似的帖子，但没有一个能提供我想要的答案。
请，请，请不要发布建议我不应该使用ajax或我应该重定向浏览器的答案，因为这些都不是一个选项。使用普通的HTML表单也是不可行的。我所需要的是向客户端显示一个下载对话框。这能做到吗?如何做到?
当前回答
我想指出在接受的答案中使用这种技术时出现的一些困难，即使用表单post:
You can't set headers on the request. If your authentication schema involves headers, a Json-Web-Token passed in the Authorization header, you'll have to find other way to send it, for example as a query parameter. You can't really tell when the request has finished. Well, you can use a cookie that gets set on response, as done by jquery.fileDownload, but it's FAR from perfect. It won't work for concurrent requests and it will break if a response never arrives. If the server responds with a error, the user will be redirected to the error page. You can only use the content types supported by a form. Which means you can't use JSON.
我最终使用在S3上保存文件并发送预签名URL来获取文件的方法。
其他回答
正如其他人所述，您可以通过POST请求创建并提交表单来下载。但是，您不必手动执行此操作。
有一个非常简单的库可以做到这一点，那就是jquery.redirect。它提供了一个类似于标准jQuery的API。post方法:
$.redirect(url, [values, [method, [target]]])
为了让乔纳森赔罪的答案在边缘工作，我做了以下改变:
var blob = typeof File === 'function'
? new File([this.response], filename, { type: type })
: new Blob([this.response], { type: type });
这个
var f = typeof File+"";
var blob = f === 'function' && Modernizr.fileapi
? new File([this.response], filename, { type: type })
: new Blob([this.response], { type: type });
我宁愿把这篇文章作为评论发表，但我在这方面没有足够的声誉
下面是我使用临时隐藏表单的解决方案。
//Create an hidden form
var form = $('<form>', {'method': 'POST', 'action': this.href}).hide();
//Add params
var params = { ...your params... };
$.each(params, function (k, v) {
form.append($('<input>', {'type': 'hidden', 'name': k, 'value': v}));
});
//Make it part of the document and submit
$('body').append(form);
form.submit();
//Clean up
form.remove();
注意，我大量使用JQuery，但你可以用原生JS做同样的事情。
我想指出在接受的答案中使用这种技术时出现的一些困难，即使用表单post:
You can't set headers on the request. If your authentication schema involves headers, a Json-Web-Token passed in the Authorization header, you'll have to find other way to send it, for example as a query parameter. You can't really tell when the request has finished. Well, you can use a cookie that gets set on response, as done by jquery.fileDownload, but it's FAR from perfect. It won't work for concurrent requests and it will break if a response never arrives. If the server responds with a error, the user will be redirected to the error page. You can only use the content types supported by a form. Which means you can't use JSON.
我最终使用在S3上保存文件并发送预签名URL来获取文件的方法。
下面是我下载多个文件的解决方案，取决于一些由一些id组成的列表，并在数据库中查找，文件将被确定并准备下载-如果存在的话。 我使用Ajax为每个文件调用c# MVC操作。
是的，就像其他人说的，它是可以在jQuery Ajax做到这一点。 我用Ajax成功做到了，我总是发送响应200。
所以，这是关键:
success: function (data, textStatus, xhr) {
这是我的代码:
var i = 0;
var max = 0;
function DownloadMultipleFiles() {
if ($(".dataTables_scrollBody>tr.selected").length > 0) {
var list = [];
showPreloader();
$(".dataTables_scrollBody>tr.selected").each(function (e) {
var element = $(this);
var orderid = element.data("orderid");
var iscustom = element.data("iscustom");
var orderlineid = element.data("orderlineid");
var folderPath = "";
var fileName = "";
list.push({ orderId: orderid, isCustomOrderLine: iscustom, orderLineId: orderlineid, folderPath: folderPath, fileName: fileName });
});
i = 0;
max = list.length;
DownloadFile(list);
}
}
然后调用:
function DownloadFile(list) {
$.ajax({
url: '@Url.Action("OpenFile","OrderLines")',
type: "post",
data: list[i],
xhrFields: {
responseType: 'blob'
},
beforeSend: function (xhr) {
xhr.setRequestHeader("RequestVerificationToken",
$('input:hidden[name="__RequestVerificationToken"]').val());
},
success: function (data, textStatus, xhr) {
// check for a filename
var filename = "";
var disposition = xhr.getResponseHeader('Content-Disposition');
if (disposition && disposition.indexOf('attachment') !== -1) {
var filenameRegex = /filename[^;=\n]*=((['"]).*?\2|[^;\n]*)/;
var matches = filenameRegex.exec(disposition);
if (matches != null && matches[1]) filename = matches[1].replace(/['"]/g, '');
var a = document.createElement('a');
var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(data);
a.href = url;
a.download = filename;
document.body.append(a);
a.click();
a.remove();
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
else {
getErrorToastMessage("Production file for order line " + list[i].orderLineId + " does not exist");
}
i = i + 1;
if (i < max) {
DownloadFile(list);
}
},
error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
},
complete: function () {
if(i===max)
hidePreloader();
}
});
}
c# MVC:
[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public IActionResult OpenFile(OrderLineSimpleModel model)
{
byte[] file = null;
try
{
if (model != null)
{
//code for getting file from api - part is missing here as not important for this example
file = apiHandler.Get<byte[]>(downloadApiUrl, token);
var contentDispositionHeader = new System.Net.Mime.ContentDisposition
{
Inline = true,
FileName = fileName
};
// Response.Headers.Add("Content-Disposition", contentDispositionHeader.ToString() + "; attachment");
Response.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/pdf");
Response.Headers.Add("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + fileName);
Response.Headers.Add("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "binary");
Response.Headers.Add("Content-Length", file.Length.ToString());
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.logger.LogError(ex, "Error getting pdf", null);
return Ok();
}
return File(file, System.Net.Mime.MediaTypeNames.Application.Pdf);
}
只要你返回响应200，成功的Ajax可以与它一起工作，你可以检查文件是否实际存在，在这种情况下，下面的行将是假的，你可以通知用户:
if (disposition && disposition.indexOf('attachment') !== -1) {
