假设你有一个任意的父目录，子目录如下:

/home/parent_dir
├── 0_N
├── 1_M
├── 2_P
├── 3_R
└── 4_T

下面是你可以估计每个子目录中#文件相对于父目录中#文件总数的大致百分比:

from os import listdir as osl
from os import walk as osw
from os.path import join as osj

def subdir_summary(parent_dir):
    parent_dir_len = sum([len(files) for _, _, files in osw(parent_dir)])
    print(f"Total files in parent: {parent_dir_len}")
    for subdir in sorted(osl(parent_dir)):
        subdir_files_len = len(osl(osj(parent_dir, subdir)))
        print(subdir, subdir_files_len, f"{int(100*(subdir_files_len / parent_dir_len))}%")

subdir_summary("/home/parent_dir")

它将在终端中打印如下:

Total files in parent: 5876
0_N 3254 55%
1_M 509 8%
2_P 1187 20%
3_R 594 10%
4_T 332 5%

在os包中有更适合的函数。但是如果你必须使用操作系统。走吧，这是我想到的

def walkdir(dirname):
    for cur, _dirs, files in os.walk(dirname):
        pref = ''
        head, tail = os.path.split(cur)
        while head:
            pref += '---'
            head, _tail = os.path.split(head)
        print(pref+tail)
        for f in files:
            print(pref+'---'+f)

输出:

>>> walkdir('.')
.
---file3
---file2
---my.py
---file1
---A
------file2
------file1
---B
------file3
------file2
------file4
------file1
---__pycache__
------my.cpython-33.pyc

你可以使用os。步行，这可能是最简单的解决方案，但这里有另一个值得探索的想法:

import sys, os

FILES = False

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) > 2 and sys.argv[2].upper() == '/F':
        global FILES; FILES = True
    try:
        tree(sys.argv[1])
    except:
        print('Usage: {} <directory>'.format(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])))

def tree(path):
    path = os.path.abspath(path)
    dirs, files = listdir(path)[:2]
    print(path)
    walk(path, dirs, files)
    if not dirs:
        print('No subfolders exist')

def walk(root, dirs, files, prefix=''):
    if FILES and files:
        file_prefix = prefix + ('|' if dirs else ' ') + '   '
        for name in files:
            print(file_prefix + name)
        print(file_prefix)
    dir_prefix, walk_prefix = prefix + '+---', prefix + '|   '
    for pos, neg, name in enumerate2(dirs):
        if neg == -1:
            dir_prefix, walk_prefix = prefix + '\\---', prefix + '    '
        print(dir_prefix + name)
        path = os.path.join(root, name)
        try:
            dirs, files = listdir(path)[:2]
        except:
            pass
        else:
            walk(path, dirs, files, walk_prefix)

def listdir(path):
    dirs, files, links = [], [], []
    for name in os.listdir(path):
        path_name = os.path.join(path, name)
        if os.path.isdir(path_name):
            dirs.append(name)
        elif os.path.isfile(path_name):
            files.append(name)
        elif os.path.islink(path_name):
            links.append(name)
    return dirs, files, links

def enumerate2(sequence):
    length = len(sequence)
    for count, value in enumerate(sequence):
        yield count, count - length, value

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

您可能会从Windows终端中的TREE命令中识别出以下文档:

Graphically displays the folder structure of a drive or path.

TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]

   /F   Display the names of the files in each folder.
   /A   Use ASCII instead of extended characters.

#!/usr/bin/python

import os 

def tracing(a):
    global i>
    for item in os.listdir(a):
        if os.path.isfile(item):
            print i + item 
        else:
            print i + item 
            i+=i
            tracing(item)

i = "---"
tracing(".")

试试这个吧;简单的

 #!/usr/bin/python
 import os
 # Creating an empty list that will contain the already traversed paths
 donePaths = []
 def direct(path):
       for paths,dirs,files in os.walk(path):
             if paths not in donePaths:
                    count = paths.count('/')
                    if files:
                          for ele1 in files:
                                print '---------' * (count), ele1
                    if dirs:
                          for ele2 in dirs:
                                print '---------' * (count), ele2
                                absPath = os.path.join(paths,ele2)
              # recursively calling the direct function on each directory
                                direct(absPath)
                   # adding the paths to the list that got traversed 
                                donePaths.append(absPath)

 path = raw_input("Enter any path to get the following Dir Tree ...\n")
 direct(path)

输出= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

 /home/test
 ------------------ b.txt
 ------------------ a.txt
 ------------------ a
 --------------------------- a1.txt
 ------------------ b
 --------------------------- b1.txt
 --------------------------- b2.txt
 --------------------------- cde
 ------------------------------------ cde.txt
 ------------------------------------ cdeDir
 --------------------------------------------- cdeDir.txt
 ------------------ c
 --------------------------- c.txt
 --------------------------- c1
 ------------------------------------ c1.txt
 ------------------------------------ c2.txt

给定一个文件夹名称，递归遍历其整个层次结构。

#! /usr/local/bin/python3
# findLargeFiles.py - given a folder name, walk through its entire hierarchy
#                   - print folders and files within each folder

import os

def recursive_walk(folder):
    for folderName, subfolders, filenames in os.walk(folder):
        if subfolders:
            for subfolder in subfolders:
                recursive_walk(subfolder)
        print('\nFolder: ' + folderName + '\n')
        for filename in filenames:
            print(filename + '\n')

recursive_walk('/name/of/folder')