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2025-03-08 09:00:00

如何在JPA中持久化类型列表<字符串>的属性?

获得具有持久List类型字段的实体的最聪明的方法是什么?

Command.java

package persistlistofstring;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

@Entity
public class Command implements Serializable {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    Long id;
    @Basic
    List<String> arguments = new ArrayList<String>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Command command = new Command();

        EntityManager em = Persistence
                .createEntityManagerFactory("pu")
                .createEntityManager();
        em.getTransaction().begin();
        em.persist(command);
        em.getTransaction().commit();
        em.close();

        System.out.println("Persisted with id=" + command.id);
    }
}

这段代码产生:

> Exception in thread "main" javax.persistence.PersistenceException: No Persistence provider for EntityManager named pu: Provider named oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider threw unexpected exception at create EntityManagerFactory: 
> oracle.toplink.essentials.exceptions.PersistenceUnitLoadingException
> Local Exception Stack: 
> Exception [TOPLINK-30005] (Oracle TopLink Essentials - 2.0.1 (Build b09d-fcs (12/06/2007))): oracle.toplink.essentials.exceptions.PersistenceUnitLoadingException
> Exception Description: An exception was thrown while searching for persistence archives with ClassLoader: sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@11b86e7
> Internal Exception: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Exception [TOPLINK-28018] (Oracle TopLink Essentials - 2.0.1 (Build b09d-fcs (12/06/2007))): oracle.toplink.essentials.exceptions.EntityManagerSetupException
> Exception Description: predeploy for PersistenceUnit [pu] failed.
> Internal Exception: Exception [TOPLINK-7155] (Oracle TopLink Essentials - 2.0.1 (Build b09d-fcs (12/06/2007))): oracle.toplink.essentials.exceptions.ValidationException
> Exception Description: The type [interface java.util.List] for the attribute [arguments] on the entity class [class persistlistofstring.Command] is not a valid type for a serialized mapping. The attribute type must implement the Serializable interface.
>         at oracle.toplink.essentials.exceptions.PersistenceUnitLoadingException.exceptionSearchingForPersistenceResources(PersistenceUnitLoadingException.java:143)
>         at oracle.toplink.essentials.ejb.cmp3.EntityManagerFactoryProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryProvider.java:169)
>         at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:110)
>         at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:83)
>         at persistlistofstring.Command.main(Command.java:30)
> Caused by: 
> ...

当前回答

我解决这个问题的方法是将主键和外键分开。如果您正在使用eclipse并进行了上述更改，请记得刷新数据库资源管理器。然后从表中重新创建实体。

2012-04-25 12:34:47

其他回答

似乎没有一个答案探讨了@ElementCollection映射的最重要的设置。

当您用这个注释映射一个列表并让JPA/Hibernate自动生成表、列等时，它也会使用自动生成的名称。

让我们来分析一个基本的例子:

@Entity
@Table(name = "sample")
public class MySample {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    @ElementCollection // 1
    @CollectionTable(name = "my_list", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "id")) // 2
    @Column(name = "list") // 3
    private List<String> list;
    
}

基本的@ElementCollection注释(您可以在其中定义已知的fetch和targetClass首选项) @CollectionTable注释在为将要生成的表命名时非常有用，它还可以定义像joinColumns、foreignKey’s、indexes、uniqueConstraints等。 @Column对于定义存储列表varchar值的列的名称很重要。

生成的DDL将是:

-- table sample
CREATE TABLE sample (
  id bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

-- table my_list
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS my_list (
  id bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  list varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES sample (id)
);
2019-07-28 13:56:36

我解决这个问题的方法是将主键和外键分开。如果您正在使用eclipse并进行了上述更改，请记得刷新数据库资源管理器。然后从表中重新创建实体。

2012-04-25 12:34:47

下面是使用@Converter和StringTokenizer存储Set的解决方案。再检查一下@jonck-van-der-kogel的解决方案。

在你的实体类中:

@Convert(converter = StringSetConverter.class)
@Column
private Set<String> washSaleTickers;

StringSetConverter:

package com.model.domain.converters;

import javax.persistence.AttributeConverter;
import javax.persistence.Converter;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

@Converter
public class StringSetConverter implements AttributeConverter<Set<String>, String> {
    private final String GROUP_DELIMITER = "=IWILLNEVERHAPPEN=";

    @Override
    public String convertToDatabaseColumn(Set<String> stringList) {
        if (stringList == null) {
            return new String();
        }
        return String.join(GROUP_DELIMITER, stringList);
    }

    @Override
    public Set<String> convertToEntityAttribute(String string) {
        Set<String> resultingSet = new HashSet<>();
        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(string, GROUP_DELIMITER);
        while (st.hasMoreTokens())
            resultingSet.add(st.nextToken());
        return resultingSet;
    }
}
2020-04-17 10:44:55

Thiago的答案是正确的，添加了更具体的示例问题，@ElementCollection将在您的数据库中创建新表，但没有映射两个表，这意味着集合不是实体的集合，而是简单类型的集合(字符串等)或可嵌入元素的集合(类注释@Embeddable)。

下面是持久化String列表的示例

@ElementCollection
private Collection<String> options = new ArrayList<String>();

下面是持久化自定义对象列表的示例

@Embedded
@ElementCollection
private Collection<Car> carList = new ArrayList<Car>();

在这种情况下，我们需要使类Embeddable

@Embeddable
public class Car {
}
2017-05-29 07:36:26

当使用JPA的Hibernate实现时，我发现只需将类型声明为ArrayList而不是List就可以允许Hibernate存储数据列表。

显然，与创建Entity对象列表相比，这有许多缺点。没有惰性加载，不能从其他对象引用列表中的实体，可能在构造数据库查询时更加困难。然而，当您处理相当原始类型的列表时，您总是希望与实体一起急切地获取，那么这种方法对我来说似乎很好。

@Entity
public class Command implements Serializable {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    Long id;

    ArrayList<String> arguments = new ArrayList<String>();


}
2008-12-24 11:38:39

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