我正在尝试将ISO 8601格式的字符串转换为java.util.Date。
我发现模式yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ是符合iso8601的，如果使用区域设置(比较样本)。
然而，使用java.text。SimpleDateFormat，我无法转换正确格式化的字符串2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00。我必须首先将其转换为2010-01-01T12:00:00+0100，不带冒号。
目前的解决方案是
SimpleDateFormat ISO8601DATEFORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ", Locale.GERMANY);
String date = "2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00".replaceAll("\\+0([0-9]){1}\\:00", "+0$100");
System.out.println(ISO8601DATEFORMAT.parse(date));
这显然不太好。是我错过了什么，还是有更好的解决方案?
回答
感谢JuanZe的评论，我发现了Joda-Time魔法，这里也有描述。
所以解是
DateTimeFormatter parser2 = ISODateTimeFormat.dateTimeNoMillis();
String jtdate = "2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00";
System.out.println(parser2.parseDateTime(jtdate));
或者更简单地说，通过构造函数使用默认解析器:
DateTime dt = new DateTime( "2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00" ) ;
对我来说，这很好。
一个小测试，展示了如何解析ISO8601中的日期，以及LocalDateTime不能处理DSTs。
@Test
public void shouldHandleDaylightSavingTimes() throws ParseException {
//ISO8601 UTC date format
SimpleDateFormat utcFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX");
// 1 hour of difference between 2 dates in UTC happening at the Daylight Saving Time
Date d1 = utcFormat.parse("2019-10-27T00:30:00.000Z");
Date d2 = utcFormat.parse("2019-10-27T01:30:00.000Z");
//Date 2 is before date 2
Assert.assertTrue(d1.getTime() < d2.getTime());
// And there is 1 hour difference between the 2 dates
Assert.assertEquals(1000*60*60, d2.getTime() - d1.getTime());
//Print the dates in local time
SimpleDateFormat localFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm z Z", Locale.forLanguageTag("fr_CH"));
localFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Zurich"));
//Both dates are at 02h30 local time (because of DST), but one is CEST +0200 and the other CET +0100 (clock goes backwards)
Assert.assertEquals("2019-10-27 02:30 CEST +0200", localFormat.format(d1));
Assert.assertEquals("2019-10-27 02:30 CET +0100", localFormat.format(d2));
//Small test that shows that LocalDateTime does not handle DST (and should not be used for storing timeseries data)
LocalDateTime ld1 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(d1.toInstant(), ZoneId.of("Europe/Zurich"));
LocalDateTime ld2 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(d2.toInstant(), ZoneId.of("Europe/Zurich"));
//Note that a localdatetime does not handle DST, therefore the 2 dates are the same
Assert.assertEquals(ld1, ld2);
//They both have the following local values
Assert.assertEquals(2019, ld1.getYear());
Assert.assertEquals(27, ld1.getDayOfMonth());
Assert.assertEquals(10, ld1.getMonthValue());
Assert.assertEquals(2, ld1.getHour());
Assert.assertEquals(30, ld1.getMinute());
Assert.assertEquals(0, ld1.getSecond());
}
由@wrygiel提供。
该函数可以将ISO8601格式转换为可以处理偏移值的Java Date。根据ISO 8601的定义，偏移量可以以不同的格式提到。
±[hh]:[mm]
±[hh][mm]
±[hh]
Eg: "18:30Z", "22:30+04", "1130-0700", and "15:00-03:30" all mean the same time. - 06:30PM UTC
这个类有要转换的静态方法
ISO8601字符串到日期(本地时区)对象
日期到ISO8601字符串
日光节约时间自动计算
ISO8601字符串样本
/* "2013-06-25T14:00:00Z";
"2013-06-25T140000Z";
"2013-06-25T14:00:00+04";
"2013-06-25T14:00:00+0400";
"2013-06-25T140000+0400";
"2013-06-25T14:00:00-04";
"2013-06-25T14:00:00-0400";
"2013-06-25T140000-0400";*/
public class ISO8601DateFormatter {
private static final DateFormat DATE_FORMAT_1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ");
private static final DateFormat DATE_FORMAT_2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmssZ");
private static final String UTC_PLUS = "+";
private static final String UTC_MINUS = "-";
public static Date toDate(String iso8601string) throws ParseException {
iso8601string = iso8601string.trim();
if(iso8601string.toUpperCase().indexOf("Z")>0){
iso8601string = iso8601string.toUpperCase().replace("Z", "+0000");
}else if(((iso8601string.indexOf(UTC_PLUS))>0)){
iso8601string = replaceColon(iso8601string, iso8601string.indexOf(UTC_PLUS));
iso8601string = appendZeros(iso8601string, iso8601string.indexOf(UTC_PLUS), UTC_PLUS);
}else if(((iso8601string.indexOf(UTC_MINUS))>0)){
iso8601string = replaceColon(iso8601string, iso8601string.indexOf(UTC_MINUS));
iso8601string = appendZeros(iso8601string, iso8601string.indexOf(UTC_MINUS), UTC_MINUS);
}
Date date = null;
if(iso8601string.contains(":"))
date = DATE_FORMAT_1.parse(iso8601string);
else{
date = DATE_FORMAT_2.parse(iso8601string);
}
return date;
}
public static String toISO8601String(Date date){
return DATE_FORMAT_1.format(date);
}
private static String replaceColon(String sourceStr, int offsetIndex){
if(sourceStr.substring(offsetIndex).contains(":"))
return sourceStr.substring(0, offsetIndex) + sourceStr.substring(offsetIndex).replace(":", "");
return sourceStr;
}
private static String appendZeros(String sourceStr, int offsetIndex, String offsetChar){
if((sourceStr.length()-1)-sourceStr.indexOf(offsetChar,offsetIndex)<=2)
return sourceStr + "00";
return sourceStr;
}
}
好吧，这个问题已经有了答案，但我还是放弃我的答案。它可能会帮助某些人。
我一直在寻找Android (API 7)的解决方案。
Joda是不可能的——它很大，初始化速度很慢。对于这个特殊的目的来说，这似乎也是一种严重的过度杀戮。
涉及javax.xml的答案将无法在Android API 7上工作。
最终实现了这个简单的类。它只涵盖了ISO 8601字符串的最常见形式，但在某些情况下(当您非常确定输入将是这种格式时)，这应该足够了。
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
/**
* Helper class for handling a most common subset of ISO 8601 strings
* (in the following format: "2008-03-01T13:00:00+01:00"). It supports
* parsing the "Z" timezone, but many other less-used features are
* missing.
*/
public final class ISO8601 {
/** Transform Calendar to ISO 8601 string. */
public static String fromCalendar(final Calendar calendar) {
Date date = calendar.getTime();
String formatted = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ")
.format(date);
return formatted.substring(0, 22) + ":" + formatted.substring(22);
}
/** Get current date and time formatted as ISO 8601 string. */
public static String now() {
return fromCalendar(GregorianCalendar.getInstance());
}
/** Transform ISO 8601 string to Calendar. */
public static Calendar toCalendar(final String iso8601string)
throws ParseException {
Calendar calendar = GregorianCalendar.getInstance();
String s = iso8601string.replace("Z", "+00:00");
try {
s = s.substring(0, 22) + s.substring(23); // to get rid of the ":"
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new ParseException("Invalid length", 0);
}
Date date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ").parse(s);
calendar.setTime(date);
return calendar;
}
}
性能注意:我每次都实例化新的SimpleDateFormat，以避免Android 2.1中的错误。如果你和我一样惊讶，看看这个谜语。对于其他Java引擎，您可以在私有静态字段中缓存实例(使用ThreadLocal，以确保线程安全)。
