我正在尝试将ISO 8601格式的字符串转换为java.util.Date。
我发现模式yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ是符合iso8601的，如果使用区域设置(比较样本)。
然而，使用java.text。SimpleDateFormat，我无法转换正确格式化的字符串2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00。我必须首先将其转换为2010-01-01T12:00:00+0100，不带冒号。
目前的解决方案是
SimpleDateFormat ISO8601DATEFORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ", Locale.GERMANY);
String date = "2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00".replaceAll("\\+0([0-9]){1}\\:00", "+0$100");
System.out.println(ISO8601DATEFORMAT.parse(date));
这显然不太好。是我错过了什么，还是有更好的解决方案?
回答
感谢JuanZe的评论，我发现了Joda-Time魔法，这里也有描述。
所以解是
DateTimeFormatter parser2 = ISODateTimeFormat.dateTimeNoMillis();
String jtdate = "2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00";
System.out.println(parser2.parseDateTime(jtdate));
或者更简单地说，通过构造函数使用默认解析器:
DateTime dt = new DateTime( "2010-01-01T12:00:00+01:00" ) ;
对我来说，这很好。
我很惊讶，甚至没有一个java库支持所有ISO 8601日期格式https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601。Joda DateTime支持其中大部分，但不是全部，因此我添加了自定义逻辑来处理所有这些。这是我的实现。
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
public class ISO8601DateUtils {
/**
* It parses all the date time formats from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 and returns Joda DateTime.
* Zoda DateTime does not support dates of format 20190531T160233Z, and hence added custom logic to handle this using SimpleDateFormat.
* @param dateTimeString ISO 8601 date time string
* @return
*/
public static DateTime parse(String dateTimeString) {
try {
return new DateTime( dateTimeString );
} catch(Exception e) {
try {
Date dateTime = DateUtils.parseDate(dateTimeString, JODA_NOT_SUPPORTED_ISO_DATES);
return new DateTime(dateTime.getTime());
} catch (ParseException e1) {
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Date %s could not be parsed to ISO date", dateTimeString));
}
}
}
private static String[] JODA_NOT_SUPPORTED_ISO_DATES = new String[] {
// upto millis
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmssSSS'Z'",
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmssSSSZ",
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmssSSSXXX",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmssSSS'Z'",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmssSSSZ",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmssSSSXXX",
// upto seconds
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss'Z'",
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmssZ",
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmssXXX",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmss'Z'",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmssZ",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmssXXX",
// upto minutes
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmm'Z'",
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmZ",
"yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmXXX",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmm'Z'",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmZ",
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HHmmXXX",
//upto hours is already supported by Joda DateTime
};
}
一个小测试，展示了如何解析ISO8601中的日期，以及LocalDateTime不能处理DSTs。
@Test
public void shouldHandleDaylightSavingTimes() throws ParseException {
//ISO8601 UTC date format
SimpleDateFormat utcFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX");
// 1 hour of difference between 2 dates in UTC happening at the Daylight Saving Time
Date d1 = utcFormat.parse("2019-10-27T00:30:00.000Z");
Date d2 = utcFormat.parse("2019-10-27T01:30:00.000Z");
//Date 2 is before date 2
Assert.assertTrue(d1.getTime() < d2.getTime());
// And there is 1 hour difference between the 2 dates
Assert.assertEquals(1000*60*60, d2.getTime() - d1.getTime());
//Print the dates in local time
SimpleDateFormat localFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm z Z", Locale.forLanguageTag("fr_CH"));
localFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Zurich"));
//Both dates are at 02h30 local time (because of DST), but one is CEST +0200 and the other CET +0100 (clock goes backwards)
Assert.assertEquals("2019-10-27 02:30 CEST +0200", localFormat.format(d1));
Assert.assertEquals("2019-10-27 02:30 CET +0100", localFormat.format(d2));
//Small test that shows that LocalDateTime does not handle DST (and should not be used for storing timeseries data)
LocalDateTime ld1 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(d1.toInstant(), ZoneId.of("Europe/Zurich"));
LocalDateTime ld2 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(d2.toInstant(), ZoneId.of("Europe/Zurich"));
//Note that a localdatetime does not handle DST, therefore the 2 dates are the same
Assert.assertEquals(ld1, ld2);
//They both have the following local values
Assert.assertEquals(2019, ld1.getYear());
Assert.assertEquals(27, ld1.getDayOfMonth());
Assert.assertEquals(10, ld1.getMonthValue());
Assert.assertEquals(2, ld1.getHour());
Assert.assertEquals(30, ld1.getMinute());
Assert.assertEquals(0, ld1.getSecond());
}
