作为sun.misc的替代品。BASE64Decoder或非核心库，请查看javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility.decode()。

public static byte[] encode(byte[] b) throws Exception {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    OutputStream b64os = MimeUtility.encode(baos, "base64");
    b64os.write(b);
    b64os.close();
    return baos.toByteArray();
}
public static byte[] decode(byte[] b) throws Exception {
    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
    InputStream b64is = MimeUtility.decode(bais, "base64");
    byte[] tmp = new byte[b.length];
    int n = b64is.read(tmp);
    byte[] res = new byte[n];
    System.arraycopy(tmp, 0, res, 0, n);
    return res;
}

链接与完整的代码:编码/解码到/从Base64

我知道现在回答有点晚了，但对于JDK 8及以上版本。

Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("anyStringData".getBytes());
Base64.getDecoder().decode("encodedData");

进口

import java.util.Base64;

请参考此OracleDocs !

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
/***
 * 
 * @author Vaquar khan
 * 
 *
 */
public class AES {

    private static SecretKeySpec secretKey;
    private static final String VK_secretKey = "VaquarKhan-secrate-key!!!!";
    private static byte[] key;

    /**
     * 
     * @param myKey
     */
    public static void setKey(String myKey) {
        MessageDigest sha = null;
        try {
            key = myKey.getBytes("UTF-8");
            sha = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
            key = sha.digest(key);
            key = Arrays.copyOf(key, 16);
            secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
/**
 * encrypt
 * @param strToEncrypt
 * @param secret
 * @return
 */
    public static String encrypt(String strToEncrypt, String secret) {
        try {
            setKey(secret);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(strToEncrypt.getBytes("UTF-8")));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error while encrypting: " + e.toString());
        }
        return null;
    }
/**
 * decrypt
 * @param strToDecrypt
 * @param secret
 * @return
 */
    public static String decrypt(String strToDecrypt, String secret) {
        try {
            setKey(secret);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5PADDING");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(strToDecrypt)));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error while decrypting: " + e.toString());
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String secretKey = VK_secretKey;
        String password = "VKhan@12";
        //
        String encryptedString = AES.encrypt(password, secretKey);
        String decryptedString = AES.decrypt(encryptedString, secretKey);
        //
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(encryptedString);
        System.out.println(decryptedString);
    }

}

我的解决方法是最快最简单的。

public class MyBase64 {

    private final static char[] ALPHABET = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".toCharArray();

    private static int[]  toInt   = new int[128];

    static {
        for(int i=0; i< ALPHABET.length; i++){
            toInt[ALPHABET[i]]= i;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Translates the specified byte array into Base64 string.
     *
     * @param buf the byte array (not null)
     * @return the translated Base64 string (not null)
     */
    public static String encode(byte[] buf){
        int size = buf.length;
        char[] ar = new char[((size + 2) / 3) * 4];
        int a = 0;
        int i=0;
        while(i < size){
            byte b0 = buf[i++];
            byte b1 = (i < size) ? buf[i++] : 0;
            byte b2 = (i < size) ? buf[i++] : 0;

            int mask = 0x3F;
            ar[a++] = ALPHABET[(b0 >> 2) & mask];
            ar[a++] = ALPHABET[((b0 << 4) | ((b1 & 0xFF) >> 4)) & mask];
            ar[a++] = ALPHABET[((b1 << 2) | ((b2 & 0xFF) >> 6)) & mask];
            ar[a++] = ALPHABET[b2 & mask];
        }
        switch(size % 3){
            case 1: ar[--a]  = '=';
            case 2: ar[--a]  = '=';
        }
        return new String(ar);
    }

    /**
     * Translates the specified Base64 string into a byte array.
     *
     * @param s the Base64 string (not null)
     * @return the byte array (not null)
     */
    public static byte[] decode(String s){
        int delta = s.endsWith( "==" ) ? 2 : s.endsWith( "=" ) ? 1 : 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[s.length()*3/4 - delta];
        int mask = 0xFF;
        int index = 0;
        for(int i=0; i< s.length(); i+=4){
            int c0 = toInt[s.charAt( i )];
            int c1 = toInt[s.charAt( i + 1)];
            buffer[index++]= (byte)(((c0 << 2) | (c1 >> 4)) & mask);
            if(index >= buffer.length){
                return buffer;
            }
            int c2 = toInt[s.charAt( i + 2)];
            buffer[index++]= (byte)(((c1 << 4) | (c2 >> 2)) & mask);
            if(index >= buffer.length){
                return buffer;
            }
            int c3 = toInt[s.charAt( i + 3 )];
            buffer[index++]= (byte)(((c2 << 6) | c3) & mask);
        }
        return buffer;
    } 

}

给出一个javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter的测试编码/解码示例，使用方法parseBase64Binary()和printBase64Binary()引用@jeremy-ross和@nightfirecat answer。

@Test
public void EncodeDecode() {
    //ENCODE
    String hello = "Hello World";
    byte[] helloBytes = hello.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    String encodedHello = DatatypeConverter.printBase64Binary(helloBytes);
    LOGGER.info(hello + " encoded=> " + encodedHello);

    //DECODE
    byte[] encodedHelloBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(encodedHello);
    String helloAgain = new String(encodedHelloBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) ;
    LOGGER.info(encodedHello + " decoded=> " + helloAgain);

    Assert.assertEquals(hello, helloAgain);
}

结果:

INFO - Hello World encoded=> SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=
INFO - SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ= decoded=> Hello World

从v6开始，Java SE附带JAXB。datatypeconverter有一些静态方法可以简化这一点。参见parseBase64Binary()和printBase64Binary()。

更新:JAXB不再随Java一起发布(从Java 11开始)。如果项目需要JAXB，则需要通过依赖项管理系统(例如Maven)配置相关库。如果你需要编译器(xjc.exe)，你也需要单独下载。