这里有一种不使用组的方法(Python 3.6或以上):

>>> re.search('2\d\d\d[01]\d[0-3]\d', 'report_20191207.xml')[0]
'20191207'

您还可以使用捕获组(?P<user>模式)并像字典匹配['user']一样访问组。

string = '''someline abc\n
            someother line\n
            name my_user_name is valid\n
            some more lines\n'''

pattern = r'name (?P<user>.*) is valid'
matches = re.search(pattern, str(string), re.DOTALL)
print(matches['user'])

# my_user_name

看起来您实际上是在试图提取一个名称，而不是简单地查找一个匹配项。如果是这种情况，为匹配设置span索引是有帮助的，我建议使用re.finditer。作为一个快捷方式，您知道正则表达式的名称部分的长度为5，有效的长度为9，因此您可以对匹配的文本进行切片以提取名称。

注意:在你的例子中，s看起来像是带换行符的字符串，所以这就是下面的假设。

## covert s to list of strings separated by line: s2 = s.splitlines() ## find matches by line: for i, j in enumerate(s2): matches = re.finditer("name (.*) is valid", j) ## ignore lines without a match if matches: ## loop through match group elements for k in matches: ## get text match_txt = k.group(0) ## get line span match_span = k.span(0) ## extract username my_user_name = match_txt[5:-9] ## compare with original text print(f'Extracted Username: {my_user_name} - found on line {i}') print('Match Text:', match_txt)

你可以使用匹配组:

p = re.compile('name (.*) is valid')

e.g.

>>> import re
>>> p = re.compile('name (.*) is valid')
>>> s = """
... someline abc
... someother line
... name my_user_name is valid
... some more lines"""
>>> p.findall(s)
['my_user_name']

这里我使用re.findall而不是re.search来获取my_user_name的所有实例。使用re.search，你需要从匹配对象的组中获取数据:

>>> p.search(s)   #gives a match object or None if no match is found
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xf5c60>
>>> p.search(s).group() #entire string that matched
'name my_user_name is valid'
>>> p.search(s).group(1) #first group that match in the string that matched
'my_user_name'

正如评论中提到的，你可能想让你的正则表达式是非贪婪的:

p = re.compile('name (.*?) is valid')

只取'name '和下一个' is valid'之间的东西(而不是让你的正则表达式取你组中的其他' is valid'。

也许这更简短，更容易理解:

import re
text = '... someline abc... someother line... name my_user_name is valid.. some more lines'
>>> re.search('name (.*) is valid', text).group(1)
'my_user_name'

你可以使用这样的代码:

import re
s = #that big string
# the parenthesis create a group with what was matched
# and '\w' matches only alphanumeric charactes
p = re.compile("name +(\w+) +is valid", re.flags)
# use search(), so the match doesn't have to happen 
# at the beginning of "big string"
m = p.search(s)
# search() returns a Match object with information about what was matched
if m:
    name = m.group(1)
else:
    raise Exception('name not found')