不要使用getClassLoader()方法，并在文件名前使用“/”。“/”非常重要

this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/SomeTextFile.txt");

要将文件的内容从类路径读入String，你可以使用这个:

private String resourceToString(String filePath) throws IOException, URISyntaxException
{
    try (InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filePath))
    {
        return IOUtils.toString(inputStream);
    }
}

注意: IOUtils是Commons IO的一部分。

这样叫它:

String fileContents = resourceToString("ImOnTheClasspath.txt");

通过类路径上的目录，从同一个类加载器加载的类中，你应该能够使用以下任何一种:

// From ClassLoader, all paths are "absolute" already - there's no context
// from which they could be relative. Therefore you don't need a leading slash.
InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
                                .getResourceAsStream("SomeTextFile.txt");
// From Class, the path is relative to the package of the class unless
// you include a leading slash, so if you don't want to use the current
// package, include a slash like this:
InputStream in = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/SomeTextFile.txt");

如果这些都不起作用，那就说明有其他问题。

举个例子，这段代码:

package dummy;

import java.io.*;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        InputStream stream = Test.class.getResourceAsStream("/SomeTextFile.txt");
        System.out.println(stream != null);
        stream = Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("SomeTextFile.txt");
        System.out.println(stream != null);
    }
}

这个目录结构是:

code
    dummy
          Test.class
txt
    SomeTextFile.txt

然后(使用Unix路径分隔符，因为我在Linux机器上):

java -classpath code:txt dummy.Test

结果:

true
true

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ReadFile

{
    /**
     * * feel free to make any modification I have have been here so I feel you
     * * * @param args * @throws InterruptedException
     */

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // thread pool of 10
        File dir = new File(".");
        // read file from same directory as source //
        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
            File[] files = dir.listFiles();
            for (File file : files) {
                // if you wanna read file name with txt files
                if (file.getName().contains("txt")) {
                    System.out.println(file.getName());
                }

                // if you want to open text file and read each line then
                if (file.getName().contains("txt")) {
                    try {
                        // FileReader reads text files in the default encoding.
                        FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(
                                file.getAbsolutePath());
                        // Always wrap FileReader in BufferedReader.
                        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
                                fileReader);
                        String line;
                        // get file details and get info you need.
                        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                            System.out.println(line);
                            // here you can say...
                            // System.out.println(line.substring(0, 10)); this
                            // prints from 0 to 10 indext
                        }
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
                        System.out.println("Unable to open file '"
                                + file.getName() + "'");
                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        System.out.println("Error reading file '"
                                + file.getName() + "'");
                        // Or we could just do this:
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }

}

要真正读取文件的内容，我喜欢使用Commons IO + Spring Core。假设Java 8:

try (InputStream stream = new ClassPathResource("package/resource").getInputStream()) {
    IOUtils.toString(stream);
}

另外:

InputStream stream = null;
try {
    stream = new ClassPathResource("/log4j.xml").getInputStream();
    IOUtils.toString(stream);
} finally {
    IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
}

要获得类的绝对路径，请尝试以下方法:

String url = this.getClass().getResource("").getPath();