我喜欢ubuntu的答案，但它没有明确地显示如何设置非方形图像的大小，所以我修改了它，以便于复制粘贴:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
import numpy as np

def save_image_fix_dpi(data, dpi=100):
    shape=np.shape(data)[0:2][::-1]
    size = [float(i)/dpi for i in shape]

    fig = plt.figure()
    fig.set_size_inches(size)
    ax = plt.Axes(fig,[0,0,1,1])
    ax.set_axis_off()
    fig.add_axes(ax)
    ax.imshow(data)
    fig.savefig('out.png', dpi=dpi)
    plt.show()

保存无边框的图像很容易，无论你选择什么dpi，如果pixel_size/dpi=size被保留。

data = mpimg.imread('test.png')
save_image_fix_dpi(data, dpi=100)

然而，展示是令人毛骨悚然的。如果你选择小的dpi，你的图像大小可以比你的屏幕大，你在显示时得到边框。然而，这并不影响储蓄。

因此,对于

save_image_fix_dpi(data, dpi=20)

显示变得有边框(但保存工作):

首先，对于某些图像格式(例如TIFF)，你可以在标题中保存颜色图，大多数查看器会显示你的数据和颜色图。

为了保存实际的matplotlib图像，这对于向图像添加注释或其他数据非常有用，我使用了以下解决方案:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=inches)
ax.matshow(data)  # or you can use also imshow
# add annotations or anything else
# The code below essentially moves your plot so that the upper
# left hand corner coincides with the upper left hand corner
# of the artist
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1, top=1, bottom=0, wspace=0, hspace=0)
# now generate a Bbox instance that is the same size as your
# single axis size (this bbox will only encompass your figure)
bbox = matplotlib.transforms.Bbox(((0, 0), inches))
# now you can save only the part of the figure with data
fig.savefig(savename, bbox_inches=bbox, **kwargs)

如此:

    plot.axis('off')
    ax = plot.gca()
    ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)

这将删除所有的填充和边框:

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_visible(False)

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(data)

extent = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted())
plt.savefig("../images/test.png", bbox_inches=extent)

感谢大家的精彩回答……我也有同样的问题，想要绘制一个没有额外填充/空间等的图像，所以非常高兴能在这里找到每个人的想法。

除了没有填充的图像，我还希望能够轻松添加注释等，而不仅仅是一个简单的图像情节。

因此，我最终将David的回答与csnemes的回答结合起来，在图形创建时制作了一个简单的包装器。当你使用它时，你不需要对imsave()或其他任何东西进行任何更改:

def get_img_figure(image, dpi):
    """
    Create a matplotlib (figure,axes) for an image (numpy array) setup so that
        a) axes will span the entire figure (when saved no whitespace)
        b) when saved the figure will have the same x/y resolution as the array, 
           with the dpi value you pass in.

    Arguments:
        image -- numpy 2d array
        dpi -- dpi value that the figure should use

    Returns: (figure, ax) tuple from plt.subplots
    """

    # get required figure size in inches (reversed row/column order)
    inches = image.shape[1]/dpi, image.shape[0]/dpi

    # make figure with that size and a single axes
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=inches, dpi=dpi)

    # move axes to span entire figure area
    fig.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1, top=1, bottom=0, wspace=0, hspace=0)

    return fig, ax

还没有人提到imsave，这就变成了一句话:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

data = np.arange(10000).reshape((100, 100))
plt.imsave("/tmp/foo.png", data, format="png", cmap="hot")

它直接存储图像，即不添加任何轴或边界/填充。