list和tuple的区别

元组和列表在Python中看起来都是相似的序列类型。

Literal syntax We use parenthesis () to construct tuples and square brackets [ ] to get a new list. Also, we can use call of the appropriate type to get required structure — tuple or list. someTuple = (4,6) someList = [2,6] Mutability Tuples are immutable, while lists are mutable. This point is the base the for the following ones. Memory usage Due to mutability, you need more memory for lists and less memory for tuples. Extending You can add a new element to both tuples and lists with the only difference that the id of the tuple will be changed (i.e., we’ll have a new object). Hashing Tuples are hashable and lists are not. It means that you can use a tuple as a key in a dictionary. The list can't be used as a key in a dictionary, whereas a tuple can be used tup = (1,2) list_ = [1,2] c = {tup : 1} # ok c = {list_ : 1} # error Semantics This point is more about best practice. You should use tuples as heterogeneous data structures, while lists are homogenous sequences.

如果你去散步，你可以随时在(x,y)元组中记下你的坐标。

如果你想记录你的旅程，你可以每隔几秒钟将你的位置添加到一个列表中。

但你不能反过来做。

list和tuple的区别

Literal someTuple = (1,2) someList = [1,2] Size a = tuple(range(1000)) b = list(range(1000)) a.__sizeof__() # 8024 b.__sizeof__() # 9088 Due to the smaller size of a tuple operation, it becomes a bit faster, but not that much to mention about until you have a huge number of elements. Permitted operations b = [1,2] b[0] = 3 # [3, 2] a = (1,2) a[0] = 3 # Error That also means that you can't delete an element or sort a tuple. However, you could add a new element to both list and tuple with the only difference that since the tuple is immutable, you are not really adding an element but you are creating a new tuple, so the id of will change a = (1,2) b = [1,2] id(a) # 140230916716520 id(b) # 748527696 a += (3,) # (1, 2, 3) b += [3] # [1, 2, 3] id(a) # 140230916878160 id(b) # 748527696 Usage As a list is mutable, it can't be used as a key in a dictionary, whereas a tuple can be used. a = (1,2) b = [1,2] c = {a: 1} # OK c = {b: 1} # Error

从5.3的文档中引证的方向。元组和序列:

虽然元组可能看起来类似于列表，但它们通常用于不同的情况和不同的目的。元组是不可变的，通常包含不同的元素序列，可以通过解包(参见本节后面的内容)或索引(对于namedtuples，甚至可以通过属性访问)访问这些元素。列表是可变的，它们的元素通常是同构的，并通过遍历列表来访问。

List是可变的，tuples是不可变的。可变和不可变之间的主要区别是当您试图追加一个项时内存的使用。

当你创建一个变量时，一些固定的内存被分配给变量。如果它是一个列表，则分配的内存比实际使用的要多。例如，如果当前内存分配是100个字节，当你想追加第101个字节时，可能会再分配100个字节(在这种情况下总共是200个字节)。

然而，如果你知道你不经常添加新元素，那么你应该使用元组。Tuples精确地分配所需的内存大小，从而节省内存，特别是当您使用大块内存时。

正如人们已经在这里回答的那样，元组是不可变的，而列表是可变的，但是使用元组有一个重要的方面我们必须记住

如果元组中包含列表或字典，即使元组本身是不可变的，也可以更改这些列表或字典。

例如，假设我们有一个元组，其中包含一个列表和一个字典为

my_tuple = (10,20,30,[40,50],{ 'a' : 10})

我们可以将列表的内容更改为

my_tuple[3][0] = 400
my_tuple[3][1] = 500

new tuple看起来像什么

(10, 20, 30, [400, 500], {'a': 10})

我们还可以更改tuple as内的字典

my_tuple[4]['a'] = 500

这将使整个元组看起来像

(10, 20, 30, [400, 500], {'a': 500})

发生这种情况是因为list和dictionary是对象，这些对象没有改变，但它所指向的内容。

因此，元组保持不变，没有任何异常