正如Kevin已经在上面的答案中发布的那样，最好的解决方案是使用bash glob的for循环，但由于bash glob默认情况下不是递归的，这可以通过bash递归函数来修复:

#!/bin/bash
set -x
set -eu -o pipefail

all_files=();

function get_all_the_files()
{
    directory="$1";
    for item in "$directory"/* "$directory"/.[^.]*;
    do
        if [[ -d "$item" ]];
        then
            get_all_the_files "$item";
        else
            all_files+=("$item");
        fi;
    done;
}

get_all_the_files "/tmp";

for file_path in "${all_files[@]}"
do
    printf 'My file is "%s"\n' "$file_path";
done;

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find . -name "*.txt"|while read fname; do
  echo "$fname"
done

注意:此方法和bmargulies所示的(第二个)方法在文件/文件夹名称中使用空白时是安全的。

为了在文件/文件夹名称中包含换行符，你必须使用find的-exec谓词，就像这样:

find . -name '*.txt' -exec echo "{}" \;

{}是找到的项的占位符，\;用于终止-exec谓词。

为了完整起见，让我添加另一个变体-你必须喜欢*nix的多功能性:

find . -name '*.txt' -print0|xargs -0 -n 1 echo

这将使用\0字符分隔打印项，据我所知，在任何文件系统的文件或文件夹名称中都不允许使用\0字符，因此应该涵盖所有基础。Xargs一个接一个地把它们捡起来，然后……

# Doesn't handle whitespace
for x in `find . -name "*.txt" -print`; do
  process_one $x
done

or

# Handles whitespace and newlines
find . -name "*.txt" -print0 | xargs -0 -n 1 process_one

Filenames can include spaces and even control characters. Spaces are (default) delimiters for shell expansion in bash and as a result of that x=$(find . -name "*.txt") from the question is not recommended at all. If find gets a filename with spaces e.g. "the file.txt" you will get 2 separated strings for processing, if you process x in a loop. You can improve this by changing delimiter (bash IFS Variable) e.g. to \r\n, but filenames can include control characters - so this is not a (completely) safe method.

从我的角度来看，有两种推荐的(安全的)文件处理模式:

1. 用于循环和文件名扩展:

for file in ./*.txt; do
    [[ ! -e $file ]] && continue  # continue, if file does not exist
    # single filename is in $file
    echo "$file"
    # your code here
done

2. 使用find-read-while & process替换

while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
    # single filename is in $file
    echo "$file"
    # your code here
done < <(find . -name "*.txt" -print0)

讲话

模式1:

bash returns the search pattern ("*.txt") if no matching file is found - so the extra line "continue, if file does not exist" is needed. see Bash Manual, Filename Expansion shell option nullglob can be used to avoid this extra line. "If the failglob shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed." (from Bash Manual above) shell option globstar: "If set, the pattern ‘**’ used in a filename expansion context will match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a ‘/’, only directories and subdirectories match." see Bash Manual, Shopt Builtin other options for filename expansion: extglob, nocaseglob, dotglob & shell variable GLOBIGNORE

模式二:

filenames can contain blanks, tabs, spaces, newlines, ... to process filenames in a safe way, find with -print0 is used: filename is printed with all control characters & terminated with NUL. see also Gnu Findutils Manpage, Unsafe File Name Handling, safe File Name Handling, unusual characters in filenames. See David A. Wheeler below for detailed discussion of this topic. There are some possible patterns to process find results in a while loop. Others (kevin, David W.) have shown how to do this using pipes: files_found=1 find . -name "*.txt" -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do # single filename in $file echo "$file" files_found=0 # not working example # your code here done [[ $files_found -eq 0 ]] && echo "files found" || echo "no files found" When you try this piece of code, you will see, that it does not work: files_found is always "true" & the code will always echo "no files found". Reason is: each command of a pipeline is executed in a separate subshell, so the changed variable inside the loop (separate subshell) does not change the variable in the main shell script. This is why I recommend using process substitution as the "better", more useful, more general pattern.See I set variables in a loop that's in a pipeline. Why do they disappear... (from Greg's Bash FAQ) for a detailed discussion on this topic.

其他参考资料和来源:

Gnu Bash手册，模式匹配 《Shell中的文件名和路径名:如何正确地做到这一点》，David A. Wheeler 格雷格的维基，你为什么不看带“for”的行 为什么不应该解析Greg的Wiki ls(1)的输出 Gnu Bash手册，进程替换

另一种选择是不使用bash，而是调用Python来完成繁重的工作。我反复使用这个方法是因为bash解决方案作为我的另一个答案太慢了。

使用这个解决方案，我们从内联Python脚本构建一个bash文件数组:

#!/bin/bash
set -eu -o pipefail

dsep=":"  # directory_separator
base_directory=/tmp

all_files=()
all_files_string="$(python3 -c '#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import sys

dsep="'"$dsep"'"
base_directory="'"$base_directory"'"

def log(*args, **kwargs):
    print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs)

def check_invalid_characther(file_path):
    for thing in ("\\", "\n"):
        if thing in file_path:
            raise RuntimeError(f"It is not allowed {thing} on \"{file_path}\"!")

def absolute_path_to_relative(base_directory, file_path):
    relative_path = os.path.commonprefix( [ base_directory, file_path ] )
    relative_path = os.path.normpath( file_path.replace( relative_path, "" ) )

    # if you use Windows Python, it accepts / instead of \\
    # if you have \ on your files names, rename them or comment this
    relative_path = relative_path.replace("\\", "/")
    if relative_path.startswith( "/" ):
        relative_path = relative_path[1:]
    return relative_path

for directory, directories, files in os.walk(base_directory):
    for file in files:
        local_file_path = os.path.join(directory, file)
        local_file_name = absolute_path_to_relative(base_directory, local_file_path)

        log(f"local_file_name {local_file_name}.")
        check_invalid_characther(local_file_name)
        print(f"{base_directory}{dsep}{local_file_name}")
' | dos2unix)";

if [[ -n "$all_files_string" ]];
then
    readarray -t temp <<< "$all_files_string";
    all_files+=("${temp[@]}");
fi;

for item in "${all_files[@]}";
do
    OLD_IFS="$IFS"; IFS="$dsep";
    read -r base_directory local_file_name <<< "$item"; IFS="$OLD_IFS";

    printf 'item "%s", base_directory "%s", local_file_name "%s".\n' \
            "$item" \
            "$base_directory" \
            "$local_file_name";
done;

相关:

操作系统。不用隐藏文件夹行走 如何做一个递归子文件夹搜索和返回文件在一个列表? 如何在Bash中将字符串分割成数组?

我喜欢使用find，这是第一次分配给变量和IFS切换到新行如下:

FilesFound=$(find . -name "*.txt")

IFSbkp="$IFS"
IFS=$'\n'
counter=1;
for file in $FilesFound; do
    echo "${counter}: ${file}"
    let counter++;
done
IFS="$IFSbkp"

正如@Konrad Rudolph所评论的那样，这将不适用于文件名中的“新行”。我仍然认为它很方便，因为它涵盖了需要遍历命令输出的大多数情况。