基于上述方法，我将给出几个例子

春天:

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:context.xml" })
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestServiceTest {
    @InjectMocks
    private TestService testService;
    @Mock
    private TestService2 testService2;
}

没有春天:

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class TestServiceTest {
    @InjectMocks
    private TestService testService = new TestServiceImpl();
    @Mock
    private TestService2 testService2;
}

为了记录，我所有的测试都是通过使fixture惰性初始化来正确工作的，例如:

<bean id="fixture"
      class="it.tidalwave.northernwind.rca.embeddedserver.impl.DefaultEmbeddedServer"
      lazy-init="true" /> <!-- To solve Mockito + Spring problems -->

<bean class="it.tidalwave.messagebus.aspect.spring.MessageBusAdapterFactory" />

<bean id="applicationMessageBus"
      class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
    <constructor-arg value="it.tidalwave.messagebus.MessageBus" />
</bean>

<bean class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
    <constructor-arg value="javax.servlet.ServletContext" />
</bean>

我认为基本原理是Mattias在这里(在文章的底部)解释的，一种变通方法是改变bean的声明顺序——延迟初始化是“某种程度上”在最后声明fixture。

我可以使用Mockito做以下事情:

<bean id="stateMachine" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
    <constructor-arg value="com.abcd.StateMachine"/>
</bean>

更新-新的答案在这里:https://stackoverflow.com/a/19454282/411229。这个答案只适用于3.2之前的Spring版本。

我一直在寻找一个更明确的解决方案。这篇博客文章似乎涵盖了我的所有需求，并且不依赖于bean声明的顺序。这一切都要归功于Mattias Severson。http://www.jayway.com/2011/11/30/spring-integration-tests-part-i-creating-mock-objects/

基本上，实现一个FactoryBean

package com.jayway.springmock;

import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;

/**
 * A {@link FactoryBean} for creating mocked beans based on Mockito so that they 
 * can be {@link @Autowired} into Spring test configurations.
 *
 * @author Mattias Severson, Jayway
 *
 * @see FactoryBean
 * @see org.mockito.Mockito
 */
public class MockitoFactoryBean<T> implements FactoryBean<T> {

    private Class<T> classToBeMocked;

    /**
     * Creates a Mockito mock instance of the provided class.
     * @param classToBeMocked The class to be mocked.
     */
    public MockitoFactoryBean(Class<T> classToBeMocked) {
        this.classToBeMocked = classToBeMocked;
    }

    @Override
    public T getObject() throws Exception {
        return Mockito.mock(classToBeMocked);
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return classToBeMocked;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSingleton() {
        return true;
    }
}

接下来更新你的spring配置如下:

<beans...>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jayway.example"/>

    <bean id="someDependencyMock" class="com.jayway.springmock.MockitoFactoryBean">
        <constructor-arg name="classToBeMocked" value="com.jayway.example.SomeDependency" />
    </bean>
</beans>

也许不是完美的解决方案，但我倾向于不使用spring来进行单元测试的DI。单个bean(被测试的类)的依赖关系通常不会太复杂，所以我只是直接在测试代码中进行注入。

我使用了Markus T在回答中使用的方法和ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的一个简单助手实现的组合，该实现查找一个自定义注释(@MockedBeans)，可以在其中指定要模拟哪些类。我相信这种方法的结果是简洁的单元测试，删除了一些与模拟相关的样板代码。

下面是使用这种方法的单元测试示例:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class ExampleServiceIntegrationTest {

    //our service under test, with mocked dependencies injected
    @Autowired
    ExampleService exampleService;

    //we can autowire mocked beans if we need to used them in tests
    @Autowired
    DependencyBeanA dependencyBeanA;

    @Test
    public void testSomeMethod() {
        ...
        exampleService.someMethod();
        ...
        verify(dependencyBeanA, times(1)).someDependencyMethod();
    }

    /**
     * Inner class configuration object for this test. Spring will read it thanks to
     * @ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class) annotation on the test class.
     */
    @Configuration
    @Import(TestAppConfig.class) //TestAppConfig may contain some common integration testing configuration
    @MockedBeans({DependencyBeanA.class, DependencyBeanB.class, AnotherDependency.class}) //Beans to be mocked
    static class ContextConfiguration {

        @Bean
        public ExampleService exampleService() {
            return new ExampleService(); //our service under test
        }
    }
}

要做到这一点，您需要定义两个简单的助手类——自定义注释(@MockedBeans)和自定义 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现。@MockedBeans注释定义需要使用@Import(CustomImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)进行注释，并且ImportBeanDefinitionRgistrar需要在它的registerBeanDefinitions方法中将模拟bean定义添加到配置中。

如果你喜欢这种方法，你可以在我的博客上找到示例实现。