我通常使用以下习语来检查String是否可以转换为整数。
public boolean isInteger( String input ) {
try {
Integer.parseInt( input );
return true;
}
catch( Exception e ) {
return false;
}
}
是我的错觉,还是你觉得这有点粗俗?还有什么更好的办法吗?
看看我的回答(带有基准,基于CodingWithSpike之前的回答),看看为什么我改变了立场,接受了Jonas Klemming对这个问题的回答。我认为大多数人都会使用这个原始代码,因为它实现起来更快,也更易于维护,但是当提供非整数数据时,它就慢了几个数量级。
当解释比表现更重要时
我注意到许多讨论都围绕着某些解决方案的效率,但没有一个讨论为什么字符串不是整数。而且,每个人似乎都认为数字“2.00”不等于“2”。从数学和人类的角度来说,它们是平等的(尽管计算机科学说它们不是,而且有充分的理由)。这就是为什么“Integer.”上面的parseInt”解决方案是弱的(取决于您的需求)。
无论如何,为了使软件更智能、更人性化,我们需要创造出能够像我们一样思考并能解释失败原因的软件。在这种情况下:
public static boolean isIntegerFromDecimalString(String possibleInteger) {
possibleInteger = possibleInteger.trim();
try {
// Integer parsing works great for "regular" integers like 42 or 13.
int num = Integer.parseInt(possibleInteger);
System.out.println("The possibleInteger="+possibleInteger+" is a pure integer.");
return true;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
if (possibleInteger.equals(".")) {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is NOT an integer because it is only a decimal point.");
return false;
} else if (possibleInteger.startsWith(".") && possibleInteger.matches("\\.[0-9]*")) {
if (possibleInteger.matches("\\.[0]*")) {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is an integer because it starts with a decimal point and afterwards is all zeros.");
return true;
} else {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is NOT an integer because it starts with a decimal point and afterwards is not all zeros.");
return false;
}
} else if (possibleInteger.endsWith(".") && possibleInteger.matches("[0-9]*\\.")) {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger="+possibleInteger+" is an impure integer (ends with decimal point).");
return true;
} else if (possibleInteger.contains(".")) {
String[] partsOfPossibleInteger = possibleInteger.split("\\.");
if (partsOfPossibleInteger.length == 2) {
//System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is split into '" + partsOfPossibleInteger[0] + "' and '" + partsOfPossibleInteger[1] + "'.");
if (partsOfPossibleInteger[0].matches("[0-9]*")) {
if (partsOfPossibleInteger[1].matches("[0]*")) {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger="+possibleInteger+" is an impure integer (ends with all zeros after the decimal point).");
return true;
} else if (partsOfPossibleInteger[1].matches("[0-9]*")) {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is NOT an integer because it the numbers after the decimal point (" +
partsOfPossibleInteger[1] + ") are not all zeros.");
return false;
} else {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is NOT an integer because it the 'numbers' after the decimal point (" +
partsOfPossibleInteger[1] + ") are not all numeric digits.");
return false;
}
} else {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger=" + possibleInteger + " is NOT an integer because it the 'number' before the decimal point (" +
partsOfPossibleInteger[0] + ") is not a number.");
return false;
}
} else {
System.out.println("The possibleInteger="+possibleInteger+" is NOT an integer because it has a strange number of decimal-period separated parts (" +
partsOfPossibleInteger.length + ").");
return false;
}
} // else
System.out.println("The possibleInteger='"+possibleInteger+"' is NOT an integer, even though it has no decimal point.");
return false;
}
}
测试代码:
String[] testData = {"0", "0.", "0.0", ".000", "2", "2.", "2.0", "2.0000", "3.14159", ".0001", ".", "$4.0", "3E24", "6.0221409e+23"};
int i = 0;
for (String possibleInteger : testData ) {
System.out.println("");
System.out.println(i + ". possibleInteger='" + possibleInteger +"' isIntegerFromDecimalString=" + isIntegerFromDecimalString(possibleInteger));
i++;
}
因为有可能人们仍然访问这里,并且在基准测试之后会对Regex产生偏见……因此,我将给出基准测试的更新版本,以及Regex的编译版本。与之前的基准测试相反,这个测试显示Regex解决方案实际上始终具有良好的性能。
摘自《蜥蜴比尔》,经编译后更新:
private final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^-?\\d+$");
public void runTests() {
String big_int = "1234567890";
String non_int = "1234XY7890";
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByException(big_int);
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("ByException - integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByException(non_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("ByException - non-integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByRegex(big_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("\nByRegex - integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByRegex(non_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("ByRegex - non-integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByCompiledRegex(big_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("\nByCompiledRegex - integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByCompiledRegex(non_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("ByCompiledRegex - non-integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByJonas(big_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("\nByJonas - integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
IsInt_ByJonas(non_int);
endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("ByJonas - non-integer data: ");
System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
}
private boolean IsInt_ByException(String str)
{
try
{
Integer.parseInt(str);
return true;
}
catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
{
return false;
}
}
private boolean IsInt_ByRegex(String str)
{
return str.matches("^-?\\d+$");
}
private boolean IsInt_ByCompiledRegex(String str) {
return pattern.matcher(str).find();
}
public boolean IsInt_ByJonas(String str)
{
if (str == null) {
return false;
}
int length = str.length();
if (length == 0) {
return false;
}
int i = 0;
if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {
if (length == 1) {
return false;
}
i = 1;
}
for (; i < length; i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (c <= '/' || c >= ':') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
结果:
ByException - integer data: 45
ByException - non-integer data: 465
ByRegex - integer data: 272
ByRegex - non-integer data: 131
ByCompiledRegex - integer data: 45
ByCompiledRegex - non-integer data: 26
ByJonas - integer data: 8
ByJonas - non-integer data: 2