使用mysql -V对我来说在Ubuntu上很好。

从控制台你可以尝试:

mysqladmin version -u USER -p PASSWD

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%version%";
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name           | Value                                    |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| protocol_version        | 10                                       |
| version                 | 5.0.27-standard                          |
| version_comment         | MySQL Community Edition - Standard (GPL) |
| version_compile_machine | i686                                     |
| version_compile_os      | pc-linux-gnu                             |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

MySQL 5.0参考手册(pdf) -确定您当前的MySQL版本-第42页

用CLI一行:

Mysql——user=root——password=pass——host=localhost db_name——execute='select version()';

or

Mysql -uroot -ppass -hlocalhost db_name -e 'select version()';

返回如下内容:

+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.34    |
+-----------+

简单的登录到Mysql用

mysql -u root -p

然后输入这个命令

select @@version;

得到的结果是，

+-------------------------+
| @@version               |
+-------------------------+
| 5.7.16-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

E:\>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: *******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1026
Server version: 5.6.34-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select @@version;
+------------+
| @@version  |
+------------+
| 5.6.34-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)