函数声明;

import os
def mkdir_p(filename):

    try:
        folder=os.path.dirname(filename)  
        if not os.path.exists(folder):  
            os.makedirs(folder)
        return True
    except:
        return False

用法:

filename = "./download/80c16ee665c8/upload/backup/mysql/2014-12-22/adclient_sql_2014-12-22-13-38.sql.gz"

if (mkdir_p(filename):
    print "Created dir :%s" % (os.path.dirname(filename))

import os
from os.path import join as join_paths

def mk_dir_recursive(dir_path):

    if os.path.isdir(dir_path):
        return
    h, t = os.path.split(dir_path)  # head/tail
    if not os.path.isdir(h):
        mk_dir_recursive(h)

    new_path = join_paths(h, t)
    if not os.path.isdir(new_path):
        os.mkdir(new_path)

基于@Dave C的回答，但修复了部分树已经存在的错误

在Python中>=3.2，这是

os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)

在早期版本中，使用@tzot的答案。

最近，我发现这个distutils.dir_util.mkpath:

In [17]: from distutils.dir_util import mkpath

In [18]: mkpath('./foo/bar')
Out[18]: ['foo', 'foo/bar']

这比捕获异常更容易:

import os
if not os.path.exists(...):
    os.makedirs(...)

这种方法需要两次系统调用，在某些环境/条件下更容易受到竞争条件的影响。如果您正在编写比在受控环境中运行的简单的一次性脚本更复杂的东西，那么您最好使用只需要一次系统调用的可接受答案。

更新2012-07-27

我很想删除这个答案，但我认为下面的评论有价值。因此，我将其转换为wiki。

使用python3标准库中的Pathlib:

Path(mypath).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

If parents is true, any missing parents of this path are created as needed; they are created with the default permissions without taking mode into account (mimicking the POSIX mkdir -p command). If exist_ok is false (the default), an FileExistsError is raised if the target directory already exists. If exist_ok is true, FileExistsError exceptions will be ignored (same behavior as the POSIX mkdir -p command), but only if the last path component is not an existing non-directory file. Changed in version 3.5: The exist_ok parameter was added.