函数声明;

import os
def mkdir_p(filename):

    try:
        folder=os.path.dirname(filename)  
        if not os.path.exists(folder):  
            os.makedirs(folder)
        return True
    except:
        return False

用法:

filename = "./download/80c16ee665c8/upload/backup/mysql/2014-12-22/adclient_sql_2014-12-22-13-38.sql.gz"

if (mkdir_p(filename):
    print "Created dir :%s" % (os.path.dirname(filename))

import os
from os.path import join as join_paths

def mk_dir_recursive(dir_path):

    if os.path.isdir(dir_path):
        return
    h, t = os.path.split(dir_path)  # head/tail
    if not os.path.isdir(h):
        mk_dir_recursive(h)

    new_path = join_paths(h, t)
    if not os.path.isdir(new_path):
        os.mkdir(new_path)

基于@Dave C的回答，但修复了部分树已经存在的错误

使用python3标准库中的Pathlib:

Path(mypath).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

If parents is true, any missing parents of this path are created as needed; they are created with the default permissions without taking mode into account (mimicking the POSIX mkdir -p command). If exist_ok is false (the default), an FileExistsError is raised if the target directory already exists. If exist_ok is true, FileExistsError exceptions will be ignored (same behavior as the POSIX mkdir -p command), but only if the last path component is not an existing non-directory file. Changed in version 3.5: The exist_ok parameter was added.

我个人已经成功地使用以下方法，但我的函数可能应该被称为“确保此目录存在”:

def mkdirRecursive(dirpath):
    import os
    if os.path.isdir(dirpath): return

    h,t = os.path.split(dirpath) # head/tail
    if not os.path.isdir(h):
        mkdirRecursive(h)

    os.mkdir(join(h,t))
# end mkdirRecursive

如果文件已经存在，Mkdir -p会给出一个错误:

$ touch /tmp/foo
$ mkdir -p /tmp/foo
mkdir: cannot create directory `/tmp/foo': File exists

因此，对前面建议的改进是，如果os.path.isdir返回False(在检查errno.EEXIST时)，将重新引发异常。

(更新)看看这个高度相似的问题;我同意公认的答案(和注意事项)，除了我建议os.path.isdir而不是os.path.exists。

(更新)根据评论中的建议，完整的功能看起来像:

import os
def mkdirp(directory):
    if not os.path.isdir(directory):
        os.makedirs(directory) 

对于Python≥3.5，使用pathlib.Path.mkdir:

import pathlib
pathlib.Path("/tmp/path/to/desired/directory").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

exist_ok形参在Python 3.5中添加。

适用于Python≥3.2版本。makedirs有一个可选的第三个参数exist_ok，当它为True时，启用mkdir -p功能——除非提供了mode，并且现有目录的权限与预期的权限不同;在这种情况下，OSError会像之前一样被引发:

import os
os.makedirs("/tmp/path/to/desired/directory", exist_ok=True)

对于更老版本的Python，您可以使用os。Makedirs并忽略错误:

import errno    
import os

def mkdir_p(path):
    try:
        os.makedirs(path)
    except OSError as exc:  # Python ≥ 2.5
        if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
            pass
        # possibly handle other errno cases here, otherwise finally:
        else:
            raise