PHP尽管有缺点,但在这方面做得很好。数组和哈希之间没有区别(也许我很天真,但这对我来说显然是正确的),要遍历其中任何一个,你都可以这样做

foreach (array/hash as $key => $value)

在Ruby中,有很多方法可以做到这一点:

array.length.times do |i|
end

array.each

array.each_index

for i in array

哈希更有意义,因为我总是用

hash.each do |key, value|

为什么我不能对数组这样做?如果我只想记住一个方法,我想我可以使用each_index(因为它使索引和值都可用),但是必须使用array[index]而不是value是很烦人的。


哦,对了,我忘了array。each_with_index。然而,这个很糟糕,因为它是|值,键|和哈希。每个键|,值|!这不是很疯狂吗?


当前回答

使用相同的方法迭代数组和散列是有意义的,例如处理嵌套的散列和数组结构,通常由解析器产生,读取JSON文件等。

一个尚未被提及的聪明方法是如何在标准库扩展的Ruby Facets库中实现它。从这里开始:

class Array

  # Iterate over index and value. The intention of this
  # method is to provide polymorphism with Hash.
  #
  def each_pair #:yield:
    each_with_index {|e, i| yield(i,e) }
  end

end

已经有哈希#each_pair,哈希#each的别名。所以在这个补丁之后,我们也有了数组#each_pair,并且可以互换地使用它来遍历哈希和数组。这修复了OP观察到的array# each_with_index与Hash#each相比块参数颠倒的疯狂。使用示例:

my_array = ['Hello', 'World', '!']
my_array.each_pair { |key, value| pp "#{key}, #{value}" }

# result: 
"0, Hello"
"1, World"
"2, !"

my_hash = { '0' => 'Hello', '1' => 'World', '2' => '!' }
my_hash.each_pair { |key, value| pp "#{key}, #{value}" }

# result: 
"0, Hello"
"1, World"
"2, !"

其他回答

The other answers are just fine, but I wanted to point out one other peripheral thing: Arrays are ordered, whereas Hashes are not in 1.8. (In Ruby 1.9, Hashes are ordered by insertion order of keys.) So it wouldn't make sense prior to 1.9 to iterate over a Hash in the same way/sequence as Arrays, which have always had a definite ordering. I don't know what the default order is for PHP associative arrays (apparently my google fu isn't strong enough to figure that out, either), but I don't know how you can consider regular PHP arrays and PHP associative arrays to be "the same" in this context, since the order for associative arrays seems undefined.

因此,Ruby的方式对我来说似乎更加清晰和直观。:)

这将遍历所有元素:

array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
array.each { |x| puts x }

# Output:

1
2
3
4
5
6

这将遍历所有给你值和索引的元素:

array = ["A", "B", "C"]
array.each_with_index {|val, index| puts "#{val} => #{index}" }

# Output:

A => 0
B => 1
C => 2

从你的问题我不太确定你在找哪一个。

以下是你问题中列出的四个选项,按控制自由程度排列。您可能想要使用不同的方法,这取决于您需要什么。

简单回顾一下价值观: array.each 简单地看一下索引: array.each_index 遍历索引+索引变量: 对于数组中的I 控制循环计数+索引变量: array。length。乘以do | I |

使用相同的方法迭代数组和散列是有意义的,例如处理嵌套的散列和数组结构,通常由解析器产生,读取JSON文件等。

一个尚未被提及的聪明方法是如何在标准库扩展的Ruby Facets库中实现它。从这里开始:

class Array

  # Iterate over index and value. The intention of this
  # method is to provide polymorphism with Hash.
  #
  def each_pair #:yield:
    each_with_index {|e, i| yield(i,e) }
  end

end

已经有哈希#each_pair,哈希#each的别名。所以在这个补丁之后,我们也有了数组#each_pair,并且可以互换地使用它来遍历哈希和数组。这修复了OP观察到的array# each_with_index与Hash#each相比块参数颠倒的疯狂。使用示例:

my_array = ['Hello', 'World', '!']
my_array.each_pair { |key, value| pp "#{key}, #{value}" }

# result: 
"0, Hello"
"1, World"
"2, !"

my_hash = { '0' => 'Hello', '1' => 'World', '2' => '!' }
my_hash.each_pair { |key, value| pp "#{key}, #{value}" }

# result: 
"0, Hello"
"1, World"
"2, !"

当需要时使用each_with_index。

ary.each_with_index { |val, idx| # ...