目前我们在PHP中使用以下命令在应用程序中将字符集设置为UTF-8。
因为这有点开销，所以我们希望将其设置为MySQL中的默认设置。我们可以在/etc/my.cnf或其他位置这样做吗?
SET NAMES 'utf8'
SET CHARACTER SET utf8
我在/etc/my.cnf中寻找了一个默认字符集，但那里没有关于字符集的任何内容。
在这一点上，我做了以下设置MySQL字符集和排序变量为UTF-8:
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
这是正确的处理方式吗?
当前回答
对于MySQL的最新版本，
default-character-set = utf8
造成问题。我认为这是不可取的。
正如Justin Ball在“升级到MySQL 5.5.12，现在MySQL无法启动，你应该:
Remove that directive and you should be good. Then your configuration file ('/etc/my.cnf' for example) should look like that: [mysqld] collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8 Restart MySQL. For making sure, your MySQL is UTF-8, run the following queries in your MySQL prompt: First query: mysql> show variables like 'char%'; The output should look like: +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/| +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ Second query: mysql> show variables like 'collation%'; And the query output is: +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+
其他回答
要将默认值设置为UTF-8，您需要将以下内容添加到my.cnf/my.ini
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
如果您想更改现有数据库的字符集，请告诉我…你的问题没有直接说明，所以我不确定这是否是你想要做的。
编辑:我在原始答案中用utf8mb4替换了utf8，因为utf8只是UTF-8的一个子集。MySQL和MariaDB都调用UTF-8 utf8mb4。
注意: My.cnf文件位于/etc/mysql/
在添加这些行之后:
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
skip-character-set-client-handshake
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
不要忘记重启服务器:
sudo service mysql restart
在进行配置时，MySQL版本和Linux发行版可能很重要。
但是，[mysqld]部分下的更改是受鼓励的。
我想简单解释一下tomazzlender的回答:
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
[mysqld]
这将把collation_connection更改为utf8_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
使用集合名称:
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
SET NAMES将影响三个字符，即:
character_set_client
character_set_results
character_set_connection
这将设置character_set_database & character_set_server
character-set-server=utf8
这只会影响collation_database和collation_server
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
对不起，我不太清楚这是干什么用的。但是我不用这个词:
skip-character-set-client-handshake
指令已更改为character-set-system=utf8
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-configuration.html
对于MySQL的最新版本，
default-character-set = utf8
造成问题。我认为这是不可取的。
正如Justin Ball在“升级到MySQL 5.5.12，现在MySQL无法启动，你应该:
Remove that directive and you should be good. Then your configuration file ('/etc/my.cnf' for example) should look like that: [mysqld] collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8 Restart MySQL. For making sure, your MySQL is UTF-8, run the following queries in your MySQL prompt: First query: mysql> show variables like 'char%'; The output should look like: +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/| +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ Second query: mysql> show variables like 'collation%'; And the query output is: +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+
