目前我们在PHP中使用以下命令在应用程序中将字符集设置为UTF-8。
因为这有点开销，所以我们希望将其设置为MySQL中的默认设置。我们可以在/etc/my.cnf或其他位置这样做吗?
SET NAMES 'utf8'
SET CHARACTER SET utf8
我在/etc/my.cnf中寻找了一个默认字符集，但那里没有关于字符集的任何内容。
在这一点上，我做了以下设置MySQL字符集和排序变量为UTF-8:
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
这是正确的处理方式吗?
当前回答
这里列出的所有设置都是正确的，但这里是最优和最充分的解决方案:
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
将这些文件添加到/etc/mysql/my.cnf.
请注意，由于性能问题，我选择utf8_unicode_ci类型的排序。
结果是:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
这是当您以非super用户连接时!
例如，SUPER用户和非SUPER用户之间的区别(当然是在utf8_unicode_ci排序的情况下):
SUPER priv用户:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | <---
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
非super priv用户:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
我写了一篇全面的文章(rus)，详细解释了为什么你应该使用一种或另一种选项。所有类型的字符集和排序规则都被考虑:服务器，数据库，连接，表，甚至列。
我希望这篇文章和这篇文章将有助于澄清不清楚的时刻。
其他回答
在MySQL 5.5中，我有my.cnf
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
结果是
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这里列出的所有设置都是正确的，但这里是最优和最充分的解决方案:
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
将这些文件添加到/etc/mysql/my.cnf.
请注意，由于性能问题，我选择utf8_unicode_ci类型的排序。
结果是:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
这是当您以非super用户连接时!
例如，SUPER用户和非SUPER用户之间的区别(当然是在utf8_unicode_ci排序的情况下):
SUPER priv用户:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | <---
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
非super priv用户:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
我写了一篇全面的文章(rus)，详细解释了为什么你应该使用一种或另一种选项。所有类型的字符集和排序规则都被考虑:服务器，数据库，连接，表，甚至列。
我希望这篇文章和这篇文章将有助于澄清不清楚的时刻。
要将默认值设置为UTF-8，您需要将以下内容添加到my.cnf/my.ini
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
如果您想更改现有数据库的字符集，请告诉我…你的问题没有直接说明，所以我不确定这是否是你想要做的。
编辑:我在原始答案中用utf8mb4替换了utf8，因为utf8只是UTF-8的一个子集。MySQL和MariaDB都调用UTF-8 utf8mb4。
你可以这样做，如果它不工作，你需要重新启动mysql。
更改MySQL字符:
客户端
default-character-set=utf8
mysqld
character_set_server=utf8
我们不应该在mysqld中编写default-character-set=utf8，因为这可能会导致如下错误:
start:任务启动失败
最后:
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
