我们可以这样写。我在python-3.7.x中使用过

import sys

def print_fn():
    print("Hi")

def sum_fn(a, b):
    print(a + b)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    args = sys.argv
    # args[0] = current file
    # args[1] = function name
    # args[2:] = function args : (*unpacked)
    globals()[args[1]](*args[2:])

python demo.py print_fn
python demo.py sum_fn 5 8

如果你用pip安装runp包，这是一个运行的问题:

润普 myfile.py 你好

您可以在https://github.com/vascop/runp上找到该存储库

我需要在命令行上使用各种python实用程序(range, string等)，并为此专门编写了pyfunc工具。你可以用它来丰富你的命令行使用经验:

 $ pyfunc -m range -a 1 7 2
 1
 3
 5

 $ pyfunc -m string.upper -a test
 TEST

 $ pyfunc -m string.replace -a 'analyze what' 'what' 'this'
 analyze this

这个脚本类似于这里的其他答案，但它也列出了可用的函数，带有参数和文档字符串:

"""Small script to allow functions to be called from the command line.
Run this script without argument to list the available functions:

    $ python many_functions.py
    Available functions in many_functions.py:

    python many_functions.py a  : Do some stuff

    python many_functions.py b  : Do another stuff

    python many_functions.py c x y : Calculate x + y

    python many_functions.py d  : ?

Run this script with arguments to try to call the corresponding function:

    $ python many_functions.py a
    Function a

    $ python many_functions.py c 3 5
    3 + 5 = 8

    $ python many_functions.py z
    Function z not found
"""

import sys
import inspect

#######################################################################
#                         Your functions here                         #
#######################################################################

def a():
    """Do some stuff"""
    print("Function a")

def b():
    """Do another stuff"""
    a()
    print("Function b")

def c(x, y):
    """Calculate x + y"""
    print(f"{x} + {y} = {int(x) + int(y)}")

def d():
    # No doc
    print("Function d")

#######################################################################
#         Some logic to find and display available functions          #
#######################################################################

def _get_local_functions():
    local_functions = {}
    for name, obj in inspect.getmembers(sys.modules[__name__]):
        if inspect.isfunction(obj) and not name.startswith('_') and obj.__module__ == __name__:
            local_functions[name] = obj
    return local_functions

def _list_functions(script_name):
    print(f"Available functions in {script_name}:")
    for name, f in _get_local_functions().items():
        print()
        arguments = inspect.signature(f).parameters
        print(f"python {script_name} {name} {' '.join(arguments)} : {f.__doc__ or '?'}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    script_name, *args = sys.argv
    if args:
        functions = _get_local_functions()
        function_name = args.pop(0)
        if function_name in functions:
            function = functions[function_name]
            function(*args)
        else:
            print(f"Function {function_name} not found")
            _list_functions(script_name)
    else:
        _list_functions(script_name)

运行不带参数的脚本列出可用的函数:

$ python many_functions.py
Available functions in many_functions.py:

python many_functions.py a  : Do some stuff

python many_functions.py b  : Do another stuff

python many_functions.py c x y : Calculate x + y

python many_functions.py d  : ?

运行这个带有参数的脚本，尝试调用相应的函数:

$ python many_functions.py a
Function a

$ python many_functions.py c 3 5
3 + 5 = 8

$ python many_functions.py z
Function z not found

让我们简单一点，使用一个模块。

尝试:pip安装compago

然后写:

import compago
app = compago.Application()

@app.command
def hello():
    print "hi there!"

@app.command
def goodbye():
    print "see ya later."

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

然后用like so:

$ python test.py hello
hi there!

$ python test.py goodbye
see ya later.

注意:目前在Python 3中有一个bug，但在Python 2中工作得很好。

编辑:一个更好的选择，在我看来是模块fire谷歌，它可以很容易地传递函数参数。它安装有pip安装火。来自他们的GitHub:

这里有一个简单的例子。

import fire

class Calculator(object):
  """A simple calculator class."""

  def double(self, number):
    return 2 * number

if __name__ == '__main__':
  fire.Fire(Calculator)

然后，从命令行，你可以运行:

python calculator.py double 10  # 20
python calculator.py double --number=15  # 30

使用-c(命令)参数(假设你的文件名为foo.py):

$ python -c 'import foo; print foo.hello()'

或者，如果你不关心命名空间污染:

$ python -c 'from foo import *; print hello()'

中间立场是:

$ python -c 'from foo import hello; print hello()'