如果你正在使用会话API，根据这个答案，PrePersist和PreUpdate回调将不起作用。

我在我的代码中使用Hibernate会话的persist()方法，所以我能做到这一点的唯一方法是使用下面的代码和下面的这篇博客文章(也在答案中发布)。

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class AbstractTimestampEntity {

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(name = "created")
    private Date created=new Date();

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(name = "updated")
    @Version
    private Date updated;

    public Date getCreated() {
        return created;
    }

    public void setCreated(Date created) {
        this.created = created;
    }

    public Date getUpdated() {
        return updated;
    }

    public void setUpdated(Date updated) {
        this.updated = updated;
    }
}

谢谢所有帮助过我的人。在我自己做了一些研究之后(我是问这个问题的人)，以下是我发现最有意义的:

Database column type: the timezone-agnostic number of milliseconds since 1970 represented as decimal(20) because 2^64 has 20 digits and disk space is cheap; let's be straightforward. Also, I will use neither DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, nor triggers. I want no magic in the DB. Java field type: long. The Unix timestamp is well supported across various libs, long has no Y2038 problems, timestamp arithmetic is fast and easy (mainly operator < and operator +, assuming no days/months/years are involved in the calculations). And, most importantly, both primitive longs and java.lang.Longs are immutable—effectively passed by value—unlike java.util.Dates; I'd be really pissed off to find something like foo.getLastUpdate().setTime(System.currentTimeMillis()) when debugging somebody else's code. The ORM framework should be responsible for filling in the data automatically. I haven't tested this yet, but only looking at the docs I assume that @Temporal will do the job; not sure about whether I might use @Version for this purpose. @PrePersist and @PreUpdate are good alternatives to control that manually. Adding that to the layer supertype (common base class) for all entities, is a cute idea provided that you really want timestamping for all of your entities.

下面的代码对我有用。

package com.my.backend.models;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;

import org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnDefault;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CreationTimestamp;
import org.hibernate.annotations.UpdateTimestamp;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@MappedSuperclass
@Getter @Setter
public class BaseEntity {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    protected Integer id;

    @CreationTimestamp
    @ColumnDefault("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP")
    protected Date createdAt;

    @UpdateTimestamp
    @ColumnDefault("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP")
    protected Date updatedAt;
}

使用Olivier的解决方案，在更新语句期间，您可能会遇到:

com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4。MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException:列“created”不能为空

要解决这个问题，在"created"属性的@Column注释中添加updatable=false:

@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
@Column(name = "created", nullable = false, updatable=false)
private Date created;

我认为在Java代码中不这样做更整洁，你可以简单地在MySql表定义中设置列的默认值。

应该使用哪些数据库列类型

---

你的第一个问题是:

您将在数据库中使用什么数据类型(假设MySQL，可能位于与JVM不同的时区)?数据类型是否支持时区?

在MySQL中，TIMESTAMP列类型从JDBC驱动程序本地时区转移到数据库时区，但它只能存储到2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999的时间戳，因此它不是未来的最佳选择。

因此，最好使用DATETIME，它没有这个上限限制。然而，DATETIME不支持时区。因此，出于这个原因，最好在数据库端使用UTC，并使用hibernate.jdbc。time_zone休眠属性。

你应该使用什么实体属性类型

---

你的第二个问题是:

你会在Java中使用什么数据类型(日期，日历，长，…)?

在Java端，您可以使用Java 8 LocalDateTime。您也可以使用传统的Date，但是Java 8 Date/Time类型更好，因为它们是不可变的，并且在记录它们时不会将时区转移到本地时区。

现在，我们也可以回答这个问题:

你会为映射使用什么注释(例如@Temporal)?

如果您正在使用LocalDateTime或java.sql.Timestamp来映射一个时间戳实体属性，那么您不需要使用@Temporal，因为HIbernate已经知道这个属性将被保存为JDBC时间戳。

只有当你使用java.util。日期，你需要指定@Temporal注释，像这样:

@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
@Column(name = "created_on")
private Date createdOn;

但是，如果你像这样映射它会更好:

@Column(name = "created_on")
private LocalDateTime createdOn;

如何生成审计列值

你的第三个问题是:

您会让谁负责设置时间戳——数据库、ORM框架(Hibernate)还是应用程序程序员? 你会为映射使用什么注释(例如@Temporal)?

有很多方法可以实现这个目标。你可以让数据库来做。

对于create_on列，你可以使用一个DEFAULT DDL约束，比如:

ALTER TABLE post 
ADD CONSTRAINT created_on_default 
DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() FOR created_on;

对于updated_on列，您可以使用DB触发器在每次修改给定行的时候使用CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()设置列值。

或者，使用JPA或Hibernate来设置这些。

让我们假设你有以下数据库表:

并且，每个表都有这样的列:

created_by created_on updated_by updated_on

使用Hibernate的@CreationTimestamp和@UpdateTimestamp注释

Hibernate提供了@CreationTimestamp和@UpdateTimestamp注解，可以用来映射created_on和updated_on列。

你可以使用@MappedSuperclass定义一个基类，它将被所有实体扩展:

@MappedSuperclass
public class BaseEntity {
 
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;
 
    @Column(name = "created_on")
    @CreationTimestamp
    private LocalDateTime createdOn;
 
    @Column(name = "created_by")
    private String createdBy;
 
    @Column(name = "updated_on")
    @UpdateTimestamp
    private LocalDateTime updatedOn;
 
    @Column(name = "updated_by")
    private String updatedBy;
 
    //Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}

并且，所有实体都将扩展BaseEntity，就像这样:

@Entity(name = "Post")
@Table(name = "post")
public class Post extend BaseEntity {
 
    private String title;
 
    @OneToMany(
        mappedBy = "post",
        cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
        orphanRemoval = true
    )
    private List<PostComment> comments = new ArrayList<>();
 
    @OneToOne(
        mappedBy = "post",
        cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
        orphanRemoval = true,
        fetch = FetchType.LAZY
    )
    private PostDetails details;
 
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(
        name = "post_tag",
        joinColumns = @JoinColumn(
            name = "post_id"
        ),
        inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(
            name = "tag_id"
        )
    )
    private List<Tag> tags = new ArrayList<>();
 
    //Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}

然而，即使createdOn和updateOn属性是由hibernate特定的@CreationTimestamp和@UpdateTimestamp注释设置的，createdBy和updatedBy也需要注册一个应用程序回调，如下面的JPA解决方案所示。

使用JPA @EntityListeners

你可以将审计属性封装在Embeddable对象中:

@Embeddable
public class Audit {
 
    @Column(name = "created_on")
    private LocalDateTime createdOn;
 
    @Column(name = "created_by")
    private String createdBy;
 
    @Column(name = "updated_on")
    private LocalDateTime updatedOn;
 
    @Column(name = "updated_by")
    private String updatedBy;
 
    //Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}

并且，创建一个AuditListener来设置审计属性:

public class AuditListener {
 
    @PrePersist
    public void setCreatedOn(Auditable auditable) {
        Audit audit = auditable.getAudit();
 
        if(audit == null) {
            audit = new Audit();
            auditable.setAudit(audit);
        }
 
        audit.setCreatedOn(LocalDateTime.now());
        audit.setCreatedBy(LoggedUser.get());
    }
 
    @PreUpdate
    public void setUpdatedOn(Auditable auditable) {
        Audit audit = auditable.getAudit();
 
        audit.setUpdatedOn(LocalDateTime.now());
        audit.setUpdatedBy(LoggedUser.get());
    }
}

要注册AuditListener，您可以使用@EntityListeners JPA注释:

@Entity(name = "Post")
@Table(name = "post")
@EntityListeners(AuditListener.class)
public class Post implements Auditable {
 
    @Id
    private Long id;
 
    @Embedded
    private Audit audit;
 
    private String title;
 
    @OneToMany(
        mappedBy = "post",
        cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
        orphanRemoval = true
    )
    private List<PostComment> comments = new ArrayList<>();
 
    @OneToOne(
        mappedBy = "post",
        cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
        orphanRemoval = true,
        fetch = FetchType.LAZY
    )
    private PostDetails details;
 
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(
        name = "post_tag",
        joinColumns = @JoinColumn(
            name = "post_id"
        ),
        inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(
            name = "tag_id"
        )
    )
    private List<Tag> tags = new ArrayList<>();
 
    //Getters and setters omitted for brevity
}