我通过使用和修改CSS变量解决了这个问题。这样我就不必修改会导致性能问题的组件状态。

index.css

:root {
  --navbar-background-color: rgba(95,108,255,1);
}

Navbar.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import styles from './Navbar.module.css';

class Navbar extends Component {

    documentStyle = document.documentElement.style;
    initalNavbarBackgroundColor = 'rgba(95, 108, 255, 1)';
    scrolledNavbarBackgroundColor = 'rgba(95, 108, 255, .7)';

    handleScroll = () => {
        if (window.scrollY === 0) {
            this.documentStyle.setProperty('--navbar-background-color', this.initalNavbarBackgroundColor);
        } else {
            this.documentStyle.setProperty('--navbar-background-color', this.scrolledNavbarBackgroundColor);
        }
    }

    componentDidMount() {
        window.addEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
    }

    componentWillUnmount() {
        window.removeEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
    }

    render () {
        return (
            <nav className={styles.Navbar}>
                <a href="/">Home</a>
                <a href="#about">About</a>
            </nav>
        );
    }
};

export default Navbar;

Navbar.module.css

.Navbar {
    background: var(--navbar-background-color);
}

要扩展@Austin的回答，你应该加上这个。handleScroll = this.handleScroll.bind(this)到你的构造函数:

constructor(props){
    this.handleScroll = this.handleScroll.bind(this)
}
componentDidMount: function() {
    window.addEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
},

componentWillUnmount: function() {
    window.removeEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
},

handleScroll: function(event) {
    let scrollTop = event.srcElement.body.scrollTop,
        itemTranslate = Math.min(0, scrollTop/3 - 60);

    this.setState({
      transform: itemTranslate
    });
},
...

这使handleScroll()在从事件侦听器调用时可以访问适当的范围。

还要注意，你不能在addEventListener或removeEventListener方法中执行.bind(this)，因为它们将各自返回对不同函数的引用，并且当组件卸载时，事件不会被删除。

为了帮助那些在使用austin answer时注意到延迟行为/性能问题的人，并想要一个使用评论中提到的引用的例子，这里有一个我用来切换一个类的滚动向上/向下图标的例子:

在渲染方法中:

<i ref={(ref) => this.scrollIcon = ref} className="fa fa-2x fa-chevron-down"></i>

在handler方法中:

if (this.scrollIcon !== null) {
  if(($(document).scrollTop() + $(window).height() / 2) > ($('body').height() / 2)){
    $(this.scrollIcon).attr('class', 'fa fa-2x fa-chevron-up');
  }else{
    $(this.scrollIcon).attr('class', 'fa fa-2x fa-chevron-down');
  }
}

然后像Austin提到的那样添加/删除你的处理程序:

componentDidMount(){
  window.addEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
},
componentWillUnmount(){
  window.removeEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
},

裁判的文件。

您应该在componentDidMount中绑定侦听器，这样它只创建一次。您应该能够在状态中存储样式，侦听器可能是性能问题的原因。

就像这样:

componentDidMount: function() {
    window.addEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
},

componentWillUnmount: function() {
    window.removeEventListener('scroll', this.handleScroll);
},

handleScroll: function(event) {
    let scrollTop = event.srcElement.body.scrollTop,
        itemTranslate = Math.min(0, scrollTop/3 - 60);

    this.setState({
      transform: itemTranslate
    });
},

如果您感兴趣的是滚动的子组件，那么这个示例可能会有所帮助:https://codepen.io/JohnReynolds57/pen/NLNOyO?editors=0011

class ScrollAwareDiv extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props)
    this.myRef = React.createRef()
    this.state = {scrollTop: 0}
  }

  onScroll = () => {
     const scrollTop = this.myRef.current.scrollTop
     console.log(`myRef.scrollTop: ${scrollTop}`)
     this.setState({
        scrollTop: scrollTop
     })
  }

  render() {
    const {
      scrollTop
    } = this.state
    return (
      <div
         ref={this.myRef}
         onScroll={this.onScroll}
         style={{
           border: '1px solid black',
           width: '600px',
           height: '100px',
           overflow: 'scroll',
         }} >
        <p>This demonstrates how to get the scrollTop position within a scrollable 
           react component.</p>
        <p>ScrollTop is {scrollTop}</p>
     </div>
    )
  }
}

用React Hooks更新答案

这是两个钩子——一个用于方向(上/下/无)，另一个用于实际位置

像这样使用:

useScrollPosition(position => {
    console.log(position)
  })

useScrollDirection(direction => {
    console.log(direction)
  })

下面是钩子:

import { useState, useEffect } from "react"

export const SCROLL_DIRECTION_DOWN = "SCROLL_DIRECTION_DOWN"
export const SCROLL_DIRECTION_UP = "SCROLL_DIRECTION_UP"
export const SCROLL_DIRECTION_NONE = "SCROLL_DIRECTION_NONE"

export const useScrollDirection = callback => {
  const [lastYPosition, setLastYPosition] = useState(window.pageYOffset)
  const [timer, setTimer] = useState(null)

  const handleScroll = () => {
    if (timer !== null) {
      clearTimeout(timer)
    }
    setTimer(
      setTimeout(function () {
        callback(SCROLL_DIRECTION_NONE)
      }, 150)
    )
    if (window.pageYOffset === lastYPosition) return SCROLL_DIRECTION_NONE

    const direction = (() => {
      return lastYPosition < window.pageYOffset
        ? SCROLL_DIRECTION_DOWN
        : SCROLL_DIRECTION_UP
    })()

    callback(direction)
    setLastYPosition(window.pageYOffset)
  }

  useEffect(() => {
    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll)
    return () => window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll)
  })
}

export const useScrollPosition = callback => {
  const handleScroll = () => {
    callback(window.pageYOffset)
  }

  useEffect(() => {
    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll)
    return () => window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll)
  })
}