比之前的答案更简单的方法:

把它放到~/.gradle/gradle.properties中

RELEASE_STORE_FILE={path to your keystore}
RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD=*****
RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS=*****
RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD=*****

修改你的应用/构建。Gradle，并将其添加到android{代码块:

...    
signingConfigs {

   release {
       storeFile file(RELEASE_STORE_FILE)
       storePassword RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD
       keyAlias RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS
       keyPassword RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD

       // Optional, specify signing versions used
       v1SigningEnabled true
       v2SigningEnabled true
   }
}

buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        }
}
....

然后你可以运行gradle assemblerrelease

另请参阅signingConfigs Gradle DSL的参考

注意@sdqali的脚本会(至少在使用Gradle 1.6时)要求输入密码 任何时候调用gradle任务。因为你只在做gradle assemblerrelease(或类似)时需要它，你可以使用下面的技巧:

android {
    ...
    signingConfigs {
        release {
            // We can leave these in environment variables
            storeFile file(System.getenv("KEYSTORE"))
            keyAlias System.getenv("KEY_ALIAS")

            // These two lines make gradle believe that the signingConfigs
            // section is complete. Without them, tasks like installRelease
            // will not be available!
            storePassword "notYourRealPassword"
            keyPassword "notYourRealPassword"
        }
    }
    ...
}

task askForPasswords << {
    // Must create String because System.readPassword() returns char[]
    // (and assigning that below fails silently)
    def storePw = new String(System.console().readPassword("Keystore password: "))
    def keyPw  = new String(System.console().readPassword("Key password: "))

    android.signingConfigs.release.storePassword = storePw
    android.signingConfigs.release.keyPassword = keyPw
}

tasks.whenTaskAdded { theTask -> 
    if (theTask.name.equals("packageRelease")) {
        theTask.dependsOn "askForPasswords"
    }
}

注意，我还必须添加以下(在android下)使其工作:

buildTypes {
    release {
        signingConfig signingConfigs.release
    }
}

(回复user672009)

一个更简单的解决方案，如果你想让你的密码远离git存储库;但是，要包括您的构建。其中的Gradle，它甚至可以很好地处理产品口味，就是创建一个单独的Gradle文件。让我们称之为“签名”。Gradle '(包括它在你的。gitignore)。就像你的身材一样。Gradle文件减去所有与签名无关的东西。

android {
    signingConfigs { 
        flavor1 {
            storeFile file("..")
            storePassword ".."
            keyAlias ".."
            keyPassword ".."
        }
        flavor2 {
            storeFile file("..")
            storePassword ".."
            keyAlias ".."
            keyPassword ".."
        }
    }
}

然后在你的构建中。Gradle文件包括下面的这一行“应用插件:'android'”

 apply from: 'signing.gradle'

如果你没有或使用多种口味，将上面的“flavor1”重命名为“release”，你应该就完成了。如果你在使用香料，继续。

最后在构建中将您的flavor链接到正确的signingConfig。Gradle文件和你应该完成。

  ...

  productFlavors {

      flavor1 {
          ...
          signingConfig signingConfigs.flavor1
      }

      flavor2 {
          ...
          signingConfig signingConfigs.flavor2
      }
  }

  ...

我有几个问题，我把下面的行放在错误的地方:

signingConfigs {
    release {
        // We can leave these in environment variables
        storeFile file("d:\\Fejlesztés\\******.keystore")
        keyAlias "mykey"

        // These two lines make gradle believe that the signingConfigs
        // section is complete. Without them, tasks like installRelease
        // will not be available!
        storePassword "*****"
        keyPassword "******"
    }
}

确保你把signingConfigs部分放在了android部分:

android
{
    ....
    signingConfigs {
        release {
          ...
        }
    }
}

而不是

android
{
    ....
}

signingConfigs {
   release {
        ...
   }
}

很容易犯这个错误。

android {
    compileSdkVersion 17
    buildToolsVersion "19.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 9
        targetSdkVersion 18
    }

    File signFile = rootProject.file('sign/keystore.properties')
    if (signFile.exists()) {
        Properties properties = new Properties()
        properties.load(new FileInputStream(signFile))
        signingConfigs {
            release {
                storeFile rootProject.file(properties['keystore'])
                storePassword properties['storePassword']
                keyAlias properties['keyAlias']
                keyPassword properties['keyPassword']
            }
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            runProguard true
            zipAlign true
            proguardFile rootProject.file('proguard-rules.cfg')
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        }
        debug {
            runProguard false
            zipAlign true
        }
    }
}

这是对user672009的回复，也是对sdqali的帖子的补充(他的代码会在IDE的“Run”按钮构建调试版本时崩溃):

您可以使用以下代码:

final Console console = System.console();
if (console != null) {

    // Building from console 
    signingConfigs {
        release {
            storeFile file(console.readLine("Enter keystore path: "))
            storePassword console.readLine("Enter keystore password: ")
            keyAlias console.readLine("Enter alias key: ")
            keyPassword console.readLine("Enter key password: ")
        }
    }

} else {

    // Building from IDE's "Run" button
    signingConfigs {
        release {

        }
    }

}