尝试以下操作：

CREATE FUNCTION ColumnExists(@TableName varchar(100), @ColumnName varchar(100))
RETURNS varchar(1) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Result varchar(1);
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns WHERE TABLE_NAME = @TableName AND COLUMN_NAME = @ColumnName)
BEGIN
    SET @Result = 'T'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
    SET @Result = 'F'
END
RETURN @Result;
END
GO

GRANT EXECUTE ON  [ColumnExists] TO [whoever]
GO

然后这样使用：

IF ColumnExists('xxx', 'yyyy') = 'F'
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE xxx
  ADD yyyyy varChar(10) NOT NULL
END
GO

它应该可以在SQL Server 2000和SQL Server 2005上运行。我不确定SQL Server 2008，但我不知道为什么不这样做。

另一个贡献是下面的示例，如果列不存在，则添加该列。

    USE [Northwind]
    GO

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
                    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Categories'
                        AND COLUMN_NAME = 'Note')
    BEGIN

    ALTER TABLE Categories ADD Note NVARCHAR(800) NULL

    END
    GO

最简单易懂的解决方案之一是：

IF COL_LENGTH('Table_Name','Column_Name') IS NULL
  BEGIN
    -- Column Not Exists, implement your logic
  END
ELSE
  BEGIN
    -- Column Exists, implement your logic
  END

您可以使用信息模式系统视图来查找有关您感兴趣的表的任何信息：

SELECT *
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'yourTableName'
 ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION

您还可以使用Information_schema视图查询视图、存储过程以及数据库的几乎所有内容。

SQL Server 2005及以后版本：

IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM sys.columns 
          WHERE Name = N'columnName'
          AND Object_ID = Object_ID(N'schemaName.tableName'))
BEGIN
    -- Column Exists
END

马丁·史密斯的版本更短：

IF COL_LENGTH('schemaName.tableName', 'columnName') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
    -- Column Exists
END

IF EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_CATALOG = 'Database Name'
and TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Schema Name'
and TABLE_NAME = 'Table Name'
and COLUMN_NAME = 'Column Name'
and DATA_TYPE = 'Column Type') -- Where statement lines can be deleted.

BEGIN
  -- Column exists in table
END

ELSE BEGIN
  -- Column does not exist in table
END