尝试以下操作：

CREATE FUNCTION ColumnExists(@TableName varchar(100), @ColumnName varchar(100))
RETURNS varchar(1) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Result varchar(1);
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns WHERE TABLE_NAME = @TableName AND COLUMN_NAME = @ColumnName)
BEGIN
    SET @Result = 'T'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
    SET @Result = 'F'
END
RETURN @Result;
END
GO

GRANT EXECUTE ON  [ColumnExists] TO [whoever]
GO

然后这样使用：

IF ColumnExists('xxx', 'yyyy') = 'F'
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE xxx
  ADD yyyyy varChar(10) NOT NULL
END
GO

它应该可以在SQL Server 2000和SQL Server 2005上运行。我不确定SQL Server 2008，但我不知道为什么不这样做。

试试这个。。。

IF NOT EXISTS(
  SELECT TOP 1 1
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE 
    [TABLE_NAME] = 'Employees'
    AND [COLUMN_NAME] = 'EmployeeID')
BEGIN
  ALTER TABLE [Employees]
    ADD [EmployeeID] INT NULL
END

接受答案的临时表格版本：

if (exists(select 1
           from tempdb.sys.columns
           where Name = 'columnName'
                 and Object_ID = object_id('tempdb..#tableName')))
begin
...
end

有几种方法可以检查列的存在。我强烈建议使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS，因为它是为了与用户通信而创建的。考虑下表：

 sys.objects
 sys.columns

甚至可以使用一些其他访问方法来检查系统目录。

此外，无需使用SELECT*，只需通过NULL值测试即可

IF EXISTS(
           SELECT NULL 
           FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
           WHERE
             TABLE_NAME = 'myTableName'
             AND COLUMN_NAME = 'myColumnName'
         ) 

Wheat的答案很好，但它假设您在任何模式或数据库中都没有任何相同的表名/列名对。为了确保安全，使用这个。。。

select *
from Information_Schema.Columns
where Table_Catalog = 'DatabaseName'
  and Table_Schema = 'SchemaName'
  and Table_Name = 'TableName'
  and Column_Name = 'ColumnName'

IF EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_CATALOG = 'Database Name'
and TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Schema Name'
and TABLE_NAME = 'Table Name'
and COLUMN_NAME = 'Column Name'
and DATA_TYPE = 'Column Type') -- Where statement lines can be deleted.

BEGIN
  -- Column exists in table
END

ELSE BEGIN
  -- Column does not exist in table
END