if (strstr(sent, word) != NULL) {
    /* ... */
}

注意，如果找到单词word, strstr将返回一个指向在sent中单词开头的指针。

My code to find out if substring is exist in string or not 
// input ( first line -->> string , 2nd lin ->>> no. of queries for substring
following n lines -->> string to check if substring or not..

#include <stdio.h>
int len,len1;
int isSubstring(char *s, char *sub,int i,int j)
{

        int ans =0;
         for(;i<len,j<len1;i++,j++)
        {
                if(s[i] != sub[j])
                {
                    ans =1;
                    break;
                }
        }
        if(j == len1 && ans ==0)
        {
            return 1;
        }
        else if(ans==1)
            return 0;
return 0;
}
int main(){
    char s[100001];
    char sub[100001];
    scanf("%s", &s);// Reading input from STDIN
    int no;
    scanf("%d",&no);
    int i ,j;
    i=0;
    j=0;
    int ans =0;
    len = strlen(s);
    while(no--)
    {
        i=0;
        j=0;
        ans=0;
        scanf("%s",&sub);
        len1=strlen(sub);
        int value;
        for(i=0;i<len;i++)
        {
                if(s[i]==sub[j])
                {
                    value = isSubstring(s,sub,i,j);
                    if(value)
                    {
                        printf("Yes\n");
                        ans = 1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
        }
        if(ans==0)
            printf("No\n");

    }
}

if (strstr(sent, word) != NULL) {
    /* ... */
}

注意，如果找到单词word, strstr将返回一个指向在sent中单词开头的指针。

使用strstr。

https://cplusplus.com/reference/cstring/strstr

你可以这样写。

char *sent = "this is my sample example";
char *word = "sample";

char *pch = strstr(sent, word);

if(pch)
{
    ...
}

你可以尝试这一个既找到子字符串的存在，并提取和打印它:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
    char mainstring[]="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
    char substring[20], *ret;
    int i=0;
    puts("enter the sub string to find");
    fgets(substring, sizeof(substring), stdin);
    substring[strlen(substring)-1]='\0';
    ret=strstr(mainstring,substring);
    if(strcmp((ret=strstr(mainstring,substring)),substring))
    {
        printf("substring is present\t");
    }
    printf("and the sub string is:::");

    for(i=0;i<strlen(substring);i++)
    {
            printf("%c",*(ret+i));

    }
    puts("\n");
    return 0;
}

下面这段简单的代码也能达到同样的效果:

int main(void)
{

    char mainstring[]="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
    char substring[20];
    int i=0;
    puts("enter the sub string to find");
    fgets(substring, sizeof(substring), stdin);
    substring[strlen(substring)-1]='\0';
    if (strstr(mainstring,substring))
    {
            printf("substring is present\t");
    }
    printf("and the sub string is:::");
    printf("%s",substring,"\n");
   return 0;
}

但棘手的部分是报告子字符串从原始字符串的哪个位置开始…