当比较Java中的数组时,下面两个语句之间有什么不同吗?
Object[] array1, array2;
array1.equals(array2);
Arrays.equals(array1, array2);
如果有,它们是什么?
当比较Java中的数组时,下面两个语句之间有什么不同吗?
Object[] array1, array2;
array1.equals(array2);
Arrays.equals(array1, array2);
如果有,它们是什么?
当前回答
array1.equals(array2)与array1 == array2相同,即它是同一个数组吗?正如@alf所指出的,这不是大多数人所期望的。
数组。Equals (array1, array2)比较数组的内容。
类似地,array. tostring()可能不是很有用,你需要使用Arrays.toString(array)。
其他回答
数组从Object继承equals(),因此compare仅在将数组与自身进行比较时返回true。
另一方面,数组。Equals比较数组中的元素。
这段代码说明了两者的区别:
Object o1 = new Object();
Object o2 = new Object();
Object[] a1 = { o1, o2 };
Object[] a2 = { o1, o2 };
System.out.println(a1.equals(a2)); // prints false
System.out.println(Arrays.equals(a1, a2)); // prints true
请参见Arrays.equals()。另一个静态方法可能也很有趣:Arrays.deepEquals()。
深入了解这两个方法的实现:
array1.equals(array2);
/**
* Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
* <p>
* The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
* on non-null object references:
* <ul>
* <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
* {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return
* {@code true}.
* <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
* {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)}
* should return {@code true} if and only if
* {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}.
* <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
* {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if
* {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and
* {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then
* {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}.
* <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
* {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of
* {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true}
* or consistently return {@code false}, provided no
* information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the
* objects is modified.
* <li>For any non-null reference value {@code x},
* {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.
* </ul>
* <p>
* The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements
* the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects;
* that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
* {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
* if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
* ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
* <p>
* Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode}
* method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
* general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states
* that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
*
* @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
* @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
* argument; {@code false} otherwise.
* @see #hashCode()
* @see java.util.HashMap
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);
}
而:
Arrays.equals(array1, array2);
/**
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if the two specified arrays of Objects are
* <i>equal</i> to one another. The two arrays are considered equal if
* both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding
* pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. Two objects <tt>e1</tt>
* and <tt>e2</tt> are considered <i>equal</i> if <tt>(e1==null ? e2==null
* : e1.equals(e2))</tt>. In other words, the two arrays are equal if
* they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array
* references are considered equal if both are <tt>null</tt>.<p>
*
* @param a one array to be tested for equality
* @param a2 the other array to be tested for equality
* @return <tt>true</tt> if the two arrays are equal
*/
public static boolean equals(Object[] a, Object[] a2) {
if (a==a2)
return true;
if (a==null || a2==null)
return false;
int length = a.length;
if (a2.length != length)
return false;
for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
Object o1 = a[i];
Object o2 = a2[i];
if (!(o1==null ? o2==null : o1.equals(o2)))
return false;
}
return true;
}
import java.util.Arrays;
public class ArrayDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// initializing three object arrays
Object[] array1 = new Object[] { 1, 123 };
Object[] array2 = new Object[] { 1, 123, 22, 4 };
Object[] array3 = new Object[] { 1, 123 };
// comparing array1 and array2
boolean retval=Arrays.equals(array1, array2);
System.out.println("array1 and array2 equal: " + retval);
System.out.println("array1 and array2 equal: " + array1.equals(array2));
// comparing array1 and array3
boolean retval2=Arrays.equals(array1, array3);
System.out.println("array1 and array3 equal: " + retval2);
System.out.println("array1 and array3 equal: " + array1.equals(array3));
}
}
输出如下:
array1 and array2 equal: false
array1 and array2 equal: false
array1 and array3 equal: true
array1 and array3 equal: false
看到这类问题,我个人倾向于使用数组。= (array1, array2)根据你的问题来避免混淆。
的数组。Equals (array1, array2):
检查两个数组是否包含相同数量的元素,并且两个数组中所有对应的元素对都相等。
array1.equals(array2):
将该对象与另一个对象进行比较,只有当两个对象的引用相等时才返回true,就像在object .equals()中那样
这是一个臭名昭著的问题:数组的.equals()被严重破坏了,永远不要使用它。
也就是说,它并不是“坏了”,就像“某人以一种非常错误的方式做了这件事”——它只是做了定义的事情,而不是通常期望的事情。所以对于纯粹主义者来说:它完全没问题,这也意味着,永远不要使用它。
现在,等号的预期行为是比较数据。默认的行为是比较身份,因为Object没有任何数据(对于纯粹主义者来说:是的,它有,但这不是重点);假设你在子类中需要等号,你会实现它。在数组中,没有实现,所以你不应该使用它。
区别在于,数组。equals(array1, array2)工作如你所料(即比较内容),array1.equals(array2)回落到Object。equals实现,它反过来比较身份,因此最好用==代替(对于纯粹主义者:是的,我知道null)。
问题是,即使是数组。如果数组的元素没有正确地实现Equals,那么Equals (array1, array2)会让你很难受。我知道这是一个非常天真的说法,但有一个非常重要的不太明显的情况:考虑一个2D数组。
在Java中,2D数组是数组的数组,而数组的等号是坏的(如果你愿意,也可以是无用的),所以数组。equals(array1, array2)在2D数组上不能正常工作。