这是我的解决方案:

su root
su postgres
psql

编辑:警告:请阅读埃文·卡罗尔发布的答案。看来这种方法不安全，不推荐使用。

在标准的Ubuntu 14.04 64位安装中，这对我来说是有效的。

我按照http://suite.opengeo.org/4.1/dataadmin/pgGettingStarted/firstconnect.html上的说明做了一些小修改

安装postgreSQL(如果你的机器上还没有安装):

Sudo apt-get安装postgresql

使用postgres用户运行psql

sudo –u postgres psql postgres

设置postgres用户的新密码:

\password postgres

退出 psql

\q

编辑/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf，修改如下:

使用Unix域套接字登录数据库 本地所有postgres peer

To:

使用Unix域套接字登录数据库 本地所有postgres md5

重启postgreSQL:

Sudo服务postgresql重启

创建一个新数据库

Sudo -u postgres createdb mytestdb

再次使用postgres用户运行psql:

psql –U postgres –W

列出现有的数据库(你的新数据库现在应该在那里):

\l

有两种方法可以使用。两者都需要创建用户和数据库。

Using createuser and createdb, $ sudo -u postgres createuser --superuser $USER $ createdb mydatabase $ psql -d mydatabase Using the SQL administration commands, and connecting with a password over TCP $ sudo -u postgres psql postgres And, then in the psql shell CREATE ROLE myuser LOGIN PASSWORD 'mypass'; CREATE DATABASE mydatabase WITH OWNER = myuser; Then you can login, $ psql -h localhost -d mydatabase -U myuser -p <port> If you don't know the port, you can always get it by running the following, as the postgres user, SHOW port; Or, $ grep "port =" /etc/postgresql/*/main/postgresql.conf

旁注:postgres用户

我建议不要修改postgres用户。

It's normally locked from the OS. No one is supposed to "log in" to the operating system as postgres. You're supposed to have root to get to authenticate as postgres. It's normally not password protected and delegates to the host operating system. This is a good thing. This normally means in order to log in as postgres which is the PostgreSQL equivalent of SQL Server's SA, you have to have write-access to the underlying data files. And, that means that you could normally wreck havoc anyway. By keeping this disabled, you remove the risk of a brute force attack through a named super-user. Concealing and obscuring the name of the superuser has advantages.

Note: textdb is the database which you are going to explore with 'alex' user 

root@kalilinux:~# sudo su - postgres 
postgres=#  psql   
postgres=#  create database testdb;
postgres=#  create user alex with password 'alex';
postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE testdb TO alex;`enter code here`

您可能需要更新pg_hba.conf文件。该文件控制哪些用户可以从哪些IP地址登录。我认为postgres用户在默认情况下是被锁定的。

只要浏览到你的安装目录，并执行这个文件“pg_env.bat”，所以在bin文件夹和执行pgAdmin.exe。毫无疑问，这一定有用!