我被这个错误所困扰，不得不删除用户的.gradle/caches/文件夹的内容和项目的.gradle/文件夹的内容才能继续运行。

不知道是什么引起的，可能是一个失败的构建，使这些文件处于锁定状态?

Mac用户:

你需要给gradle许可:

sudo gradle

通过执行如下命令删除gradle缓存中的锁文件:

find ~/.gradle -type f -name "*.lock" -delete

在@Sean Stayns的回答中引用了一个场景，以防它能帮助到任何人:如果你把你的项目保存在谷歌Drive文件夹中——不要这样做。只需将项目移动到本地驱动器即可解决此问题。

In the case we were trying to solve, were were also getting the "It is currently in use by another Gradle instance" error and nothing we tried here worked. The process ID was unknown as well. It didn't immediately occur to me to ask where the project was being saved, so in case anyone new to Android Dev is saving their projects to a Google Drive folder, just move over to your local drive. I would have just left this as a comment in @Sean Stayns's answer, but I can't comment. Hopefully it benefits someone.

有时，您需要在每次构建错误后运行此代码几次

对我来说，它需要两次，首先我得到锁定错误，我运行这段代码，然后我再次得到另一个文件的锁定错误，所以我再次运行代码，在结束时它正常工作。

find ~/.gradle -type f -name "*.lock" -delete

这些答案我都试过了，包括杀死java进程，在HOME_DIR和project dir中删除.gradle，重启Android Studio，甚至重启OS。

它开始正常工作后，我启动gradle同步。