如果你使用pkg来打包你的应用，你会发现这个表达式很有用:

appDirectory = require('path').dirname(process.pkg ? process.execPath : (require.main ? require.main.filename : process.argv[0]));

process.pkg tells if the app has been packaged by pkg. process.execPath holds the full path of the executable, which is /usr/bin/node or similar for direct invocations of scripts (node test.js), or the packaged app. require.main.filename holds the full path of the main script, but it's empty when Node runs in interactive mode. __dirname holds the full path of the current script, so I'm not using it (although it may be what OP asks; then better use appDirectory = process.pkg ? require('path').dirname(process.execPath) : (__dirname || require('path').dirname(process.argv[0])); noting that in interactive mode __dirname is empty. For interactive mode, use either process.argv[0] to get the path to the Node executable or process.cwd() to get the current directory.

var settings = 
    JSON.parse(
        require('fs').readFileSync(
            require('path').resolve(
                __dirname, 
                'settings.json'),
            'utf8'));

如果你使用pkg来打包你的应用，你会发现这个表达式很有用:

appDirectory = require('path').dirname(process.pkg ? process.execPath : (require.main ? require.main.filename : process.argv[0]));

process.pkg tells if the app has been packaged by pkg. process.execPath holds the full path of the executable, which is /usr/bin/node or similar for direct invocations of scripts (node test.js), or the packaged app. require.main.filename holds the full path of the main script, but it's empty when Node runs in interactive mode. __dirname holds the full path of the current script, so I'm not using it (although it may be what OP asks; then better use appDirectory = process.pkg ? require('path').dirname(process.execPath) : (__dirname || require('path').dirname(process.argv[0])); noting that in interactive mode __dirname is empty. For interactive mode, use either process.argv[0] to get the path to the Node executable or process.cwd() to get the current directory.

Index.js中包含要导出的模块的任何文件夹

const entries = {};
for (const aFile of require('fs').readdirSync(__dirname, { withFileTypes: true }).filter(ent => ent.isFile() && ent.name !== 'index.js')) {
  const [ name, suffix ] = aFile.name.split('.');
  entries[name] = require(`./${aFile.name}`);
}

module.exports = entries;

这将找到当前目录的根目录下的所有文件，要求并导出与文件名干相同的导出名称的每个文件。

基本上你可以这样做:

fs.readFile(path.resolve(__dirname, 'settings.json'), 'UTF-8', callback);

使用resolve()而不是连接'/'或'\'，否则您将遇到跨平台问题。

注意:__dirname是模块或包含脚本的本地路径。如果你正在编写一个插件，需要知道主脚本的路径，它是:

require.main.filename

或者，获取文件夹名称:

require('path').dirname(require.main.filename)

使用path模块的basename方法:

var path = require('path');
var filename = path.basename(__filename);
console.log(filename);

下面是上面例子的文档。

正如Dan指出的，Node正在处理带有“——experimental-modules”标志的ECMAScript模块。节点12仍然支持前面提到的__dirname和__filename。

如果您正在使用——experimental-modules标志，还有另一种方法。

另一种方法是获取当前ES模块的路径:

import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
const __filename = fileURLToPath(new URL(import.meta.url));

对于包含当前模块的目录:

import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
import path from 'path';

const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(new URL(import.meta.url)));