我正在寻找Python中的一个库,它将提供at和cron之类的功能。

我非常希望有一个纯Python的解决方案,而不是依赖于安装在盒子上的工具;这样我在没有cron的机器上运行。

对于那些不熟悉cron的人:你可以根据一个表达式来安排任务,比如:

 0 2 * * 7 /usr/bin/run-backup # run the backups at 0200 on Every Sunday
 0 9-17/2 * * 1-5 /usr/bin/purge-temps # run the purge temps command, every 2 hours between 9am and 5pm on Mondays to Fridays.

cron时间表达式语法不那么重要,但我希望具有这种灵活性。

如果没有什么东西可以为我开箱即用,任何关于构建模块的建议都将被感激地接受。

编辑 我对启动进程不感兴趣,只对同样用Python编写的“作业”——Python函数感兴趣。我认为这将是一个不同的线程,但不是在不同的进程中。

为此,我正在寻找cron time表达式的表达性,但在Python中。

Cron已经存在多年了,但我正在努力尽可能地实现可移植性。我不能指望它的存在。


当前回答

我知道有很多答案,但另一个解决方案可能是找装修师。这是一个每天在特定时间重复一个函数的例子。使用这种方式很酷的想法是,你只需要将Syntactic Sugar添加到你想要调度的函数中:

@repeatEveryDay(hour=6, minutes=30)
def sayHello(name):
    print(f"Hello {name}")

sayHello("Bob") # Now this function will be invoked every day at 6.30 a.m

装饰器看起来像这样:

def repeatEveryDay(hour, minutes=0, seconds=0):
    """
    Decorator that will run the decorated function everyday at that hour, minutes and seconds.
    :param hour: 0-24
    :param minutes: 0-60 (Optional)
    :param seconds: 0-60 (Optional)
    """
    def decoratorRepeat(func):

        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapperRepeat(*args, **kwargs):

            def getLocalTime():
                return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.localtime()))

            # Get the datetime of the first function call
            td = datetime.timedelta(seconds=15)
            if wrapperRepeat.nextSent == None:
                now = getLocalTime()
                wrapperRepeat.nextSent = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, now.day, hour, minutes, seconds)
                if wrapperRepeat.nextSent < now:
                    wrapperRepeat.nextSent += td

            # Waiting till next day
            while getLocalTime() < wrapperRepeat.nextSent:
                time.sleep(1)

            # Call the function
            func(*args, **kwargs)

            # Get the datetime of the next function call
            wrapperRepeat.nextSent += td
            wrapperRepeat(*args, **kwargs)

        wrapperRepeat.nextSent = None
        return wrapperRepeat

    return decoratorRepeat

其他回答

我不知道这样的东西是否已经存在。编写自己的time, datetime和/或日历模块很容易,请参阅http://docs.python.org/library/time.html

python解决方案的唯一问题是,您的作业需要始终运行,并且可能在重新启动后自动“复活”,为此您确实需要依赖于依赖于系统的解决方案。

我知道有很多答案,但另一个解决方案可能是找装修师。这是一个每天在特定时间重复一个函数的例子。使用这种方式很酷的想法是,你只需要将Syntactic Sugar添加到你想要调度的函数中:

@repeatEveryDay(hour=6, minutes=30)
def sayHello(name):
    print(f"Hello {name}")

sayHello("Bob") # Now this function will be invoked every day at 6.30 a.m

装饰器看起来像这样:

def repeatEveryDay(hour, minutes=0, seconds=0):
    """
    Decorator that will run the decorated function everyday at that hour, minutes and seconds.
    :param hour: 0-24
    :param minutes: 0-60 (Optional)
    :param seconds: 0-60 (Optional)
    """
    def decoratorRepeat(func):

        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapperRepeat(*args, **kwargs):

            def getLocalTime():
                return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.localtime()))

            # Get the datetime of the first function call
            td = datetime.timedelta(seconds=15)
            if wrapperRepeat.nextSent == None:
                now = getLocalTime()
                wrapperRepeat.nextSent = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, now.day, hour, minutes, seconds)
                if wrapperRepeat.nextSent < now:
                    wrapperRepeat.nextSent += td

            # Waiting till next day
            while getLocalTime() < wrapperRepeat.nextSent:
                time.sleep(1)

            # Call the function
            func(*args, **kwargs)

            # Get the datetime of the next function call
            wrapperRepeat.nextSent += td
            wrapperRepeat(*args, **kwargs)

        wrapperRepeat.nextSent = None
        return wrapperRepeat

    return decoratorRepeat

如果你正在寻找一个轻量级的结账时间表:

import schedule
import time

def job():
    print("I'm working...")

schedule.every(10).minutes.do(job)
schedule.every().hour.do(job)
schedule.every().day.at("10:30").do(job)

while 1:
    schedule.run_pending()
    time.sleep(1)

披露:我是这个库的作者。

There isn't a "pure python" way to do this because some other process would have to launch python in order to run your solution. Every platform will have one or twenty different ways to launch processes and monitor their progress. On unix platforms, cron is the old standard. On Mac OS X there is also launchd, which combines cron-like launching with watchdog functionality that can keep your process alive if that's what you want. Once python is running, then you can use the sched module to schedule tasks.

我喜欢pycron包解决这个问题的方式。

import pycron
import time

while True:
    if pycron.is_now('0 2 * * 0'):   # True Every Sunday at 02:00
        print('running backup')
        time.sleep(60)               # The process should take at least 60 sec
                                     # to avoid running twice in one minute
    else:
        time.sleep(15)               # Check again in 15 seconds