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2024-02-03 09:00:05

使用Java获取当前机器的IP地址

我正在尝试开发一个系统，其中有不同的节点运行在不同的系统或在同一系统的不同端口上。

现在，所有节点都创建了一个套接字，将目标IP作为称为引导节点的特殊节点的IP。然后，节点创建自己的ServerSocket并开始侦听连接。

引导节点维护一个节点列表，并在查询时返回它们。

现在我需要的是节点必须将其IP注册到引导节点。我尝试使用cli.getInetAddress()一旦客户端连接到引导节点的ServerSocket，但这不起作用。

我需要客户端注册其PPP IP，如果可用; 否则，局域网IP(如果可用); 否则，它必须注册127.0.0.1，假设它是同一台计算机。

使用代码:

System.out.println(Inet4Address.getLocalHost().getHostAddress());

or

System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress());

我的PPP连接IP地址是:117.204.44.192，但上面返回我192.168.1.2

EDIT

我正在使用以下代码:

Enumeration e = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
while(e.hasMoreElements())
{
    NetworkInterface n = (NetworkInterface) e.nextElement();
    Enumeration ee = n.getInetAddresses();
    while (ee.hasMoreElements())
    {
        InetAddress i = (InetAddress) ee.nextElement();
        System.out.println(i.getHostAddress());
    }
}

我能够获得所有网络接口相关的所有IP地址，但我如何区分它们?这是我得到的输出:

127.0.0.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.56.1
117.204.44.19

当前回答

scala中的示例(在sbt文件中有用):

  import collection.JavaConverters._
  import java.net._

  def getIpAddress: String = {

    val enumeration = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces.asScala.toSeq

    val ipAddresses = enumeration.flatMap(p =>
      p.getInetAddresses.asScala.toSeq
    )

    val address = ipAddresses.find { address =>
      val host = address.getHostAddress
      host.contains(".") && !address.isLoopbackAddress
    }.getOrElse(InetAddress.getLocalHost)

    address.getHostAddress
  }
2014-07-09 08:59:41

其他回答

这是上面接受的答案的一个工作示例! 这个NetIdentity类将存储内部主机ip和本地环回。如果你在一个基于DNS的服务器上，如上所述，你可能需要添加更多的检查，或者可能进入配置文件路由。

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * Class that allows a device to identify itself on the INTRANET.
 * 
 * @author Decoded4620 2016
 */
public class NetIdentity {

    private String loopbackHost = "";
    private String host = "";

    private String loopbackIp = "";
    private String ip = "";
    public NetIdentity(){

        try{
            Enumeration<NetworkInterface> interfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();

            while(interfaces.hasMoreElements()){
                NetworkInterface i = interfaces.nextElement();
                if(i != null){
                    Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses = i.getInetAddresses();
                    System.out.println(i.getDisplayName());
                    while(addresses.hasMoreElements()){
                        InetAddress address = addresses.nextElement();
                        String hostAddr = address.getHostAddress();

                        // local loopback
                        if(hostAddr.indexOf("127.") == 0 ){
                            this.loopbackIp = address.getHostAddress();
                            this.loopbackHost = address.getHostName();
                        }

                        // internal ip addresses (behind this router)
                        if( hostAddr.indexOf("192.168") == 0 || 
                                hostAddr.indexOf("10.") == 0 || 
                                hostAddr.indexOf("172.16") == 0 ){
                            this.host = address.getHostName();
                            this.ip = address.getHostAddress();
                        }


                        System.out.println("\t\t-" + address.getHostName() + ":" + address.getHostAddress() + " - "+ address.getAddress());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch(SocketException e){

        }
        try{
            InetAddress loopbackIpAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            this.loopbackIp = loopbackIpAddress.getHostName();
            System.out.println("LOCALHOST: " + loopbackIp);
        }
        catch(UnknownHostException e){
            System.err.println("ERR: " + e.toString());
        }
    }

    public String getLoopbackHost(){
        return loopbackHost;
    }

    public String getHost(){
        return host;
    }
    public String getIp(){
        return ip;
    }
    public String getLoopbackIp(){
        return loopbackIp;
    }
}

当我运行这段代码时，我实际上得到了这样的打印结果:

    Software Loopback Interface 1
        -127.0.0.1:127.0.0.1 - [B@19e1023e
        -0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 - [B@7cef4e59
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter
        -VIKING.yourisp.com:192.168.1.142 - [B@64b8f8f4
        -fe80:0:0:0:81fa:31d:21c9:85cd%wlan0:fe80:0:0:0:81fa:31d:21c9:85cd%wlan0 - [B@2db0f6b2
Microsoft Kernel Debug Network Adapter
Intel Edison USB RNDIS Device
Driver for user-mode network applications
Cisco Systems VPN Adapter for 64-bit Windows
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter
        -VIKING:192.168.56.1 - [B@3cd1f1c8
        -VIKING:fe80:0:0:0:d599:3cf0:5462:cb7%eth4 - [B@3a4afd8d
LogMeIn Hamachi Virtual Ethernet Adapter
        -VIKING:25.113.118.39 - [B@1996cd68
        -VIKING:2620:9b:0:0:0:0:1971:7627 - [B@3339ad8e
        -VIKING:fe80:0:0:0:51bf:994d:4656:8486%eth5 - [B@555590
Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)
        -fe80:0:0:0:4c56:8009:2bca:e16b%eth6:fe80:0:0:0:4c56:8009:2bca:e16b%eth6 - [B@3c679bde
Bluetooth Device (RFCOMM Protocol TDI)
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V
        -fe80:0:0:0:4093:d169:536c:7c7c%eth7:fe80:0:0:0:4093:d169:536c:7c7c%eth7 - [B@16b4a017
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter
        -fe80:0:0:0:103e:cdf0:c0ac:1751%wlan1:fe80:0:0:0:103e:cdf0:c0ac:1751%wlan1 - [B@8807e25
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0000
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-WFP Native MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0001
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0002
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-VirtualBox NDIS Light-Weight Filter-0000
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0003
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-QoS Packet Scheduler-0000
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0004
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-WFP 802.3 MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0005
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0000
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-WFP Native MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0001
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-Shrew Soft Lightweight Filter-0000
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0002
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-VirtualBox NDIS Light-Weight Filter-0000
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0003
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-QoS Packet Scheduler-0000
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0004
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-WFP 802.3 MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I218-V-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0005
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-WFP Native MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-Virtual WiFi Filter Driver-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-Native WiFi Filter Driver-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0003
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-Shrew Soft Lightweight Filter-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0004
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-VirtualBox NDIS Light-Weight Filter-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0005
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-QoS Packet Scheduler-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0006
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-WFP 802.3 MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0007
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-WFP Native MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-Native WiFi Filter Driver-0000
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0002
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-Shrew Soft Lightweight Filter-0000
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0003
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-VirtualBox NDIS Light-Weight Filter-0000
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0004
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-QoS Packet Scheduler-0000
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0005
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-WFP 802.3 MAC Layer LightWeight Filter-0000
Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter-HHD Software NDIS 6.0 Filter Driver-0006

为了我的使用，我设置了一个Upnp服务器，它有助于理解我正在寻找的“模式”。返回的对象包括以太网适配器、网络适配器、虚拟网络适配器、驱动程序和VPN客户端适配器。也不是所有东西都有地址。所以你会想要跳过那些不需要的接口对象。

您还可以将此添加到当前NetworkInterface i的循环中

while(interfaces.hasMoreElements()){
    Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses = i.getInetAddresses();
    System.out.println(i.getDisplayName());
    System.out.println("\t- name:" + i.getName());
    System.out.println("\t- idx:" + i.getIndex());
    System.out.println("\t- max trans unit (MTU):" + i.getMTU());
    System.out.println("\t- is loopback:" + i.isLoopback());
    System.out.println("\t- is PPP:" + i.isPointToPoint());
    System.out.println("\t- isUp:" + i.isUp());
    System.out.println("\t- isVirtual:" + i.isVirtual());
    System.out.println("\t- supportsMulticast:" + i.supportsMulticast());
}

你会在输出中看到类似这样的信息:

Software Loopback Interface 1
    - name:lo
    - idx:1
    - max trans unit (MTU):-1
    - is loopback:true
    - is PPP:false
    - isUp:true
    - isVirtual:false
    - supportsMulticast:true
        -ADRESS: [127.0.0.1(VIKING-192.168.56.1)]127.0.0.1:127.0.0.1 - [B@19e1023e
        -ADRESS: [0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1(VIKING-192.168.56.1)]0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 - [B@7cef4e59
Broadcom 802.11ac Network Adapter
    - name:wlan0
    - idx:2
    - max trans unit (MTU):1500
    - is loopback:false
    - is PPP:false
    - isUp:true
    - isVirtual:false
    - supportsMulticast:true
        -ADRESS: [VIKING.monkeybrains.net(VIKING-192.168.56.1)]VIKING.monkeybrains.net:192.168.1.142 - [B@64b8f8f4
        -ADRESS: [fe80:0:0:0:81fa:31d:21c9:85cd%wlan0(VIKING-192.168.56.1)]fe80:0:0:0:81fa:31d:21c9:85cd%wlan0:fe80:0:0:0:81fa:31d:21c9:85cd%wlan0 - [B@2db0f6b2
Microsoft Kernel Debug Network Adapter
    - name:eth0
    - idx:3
    - max trans unit (MTU):-1
    - is loopback:false
    - is PPP:false
    - isUp:false
    - isVirtual:false
    - supportsMulticast:true
2016-02-19 23:00:46

在大多数情况下，这可能有点棘手。

从表面上看，InetAddress.getLocalHost()应该提供该主机的IP地址。问题是一台主机可能有很多网络接口，而一个接口可能绑定到多个IP地址。最重要的是，并不是所有的IP地址都可以在您的机器或局域网之外访问。例如，它们可以是虚拟网络设备的IP地址、私有网络IP地址等等。

这意味着InetAddress.getLocalHost()返回的IP地址可能不是要使用的正确IP地址。

你怎么处理这个问题呢?

One approach is to use NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces() to get all of the known network interfaces on the host, and then iterate over each NI's addresses. Another approach is to (somehow) get the externally advertized FQDN for the host, and use InetAddress.getByName() to look up the primary IP address. (But how do you get it, and how do you deal with a DNS-based load balancer?) A variation of the previous is to get the preferred FQDN from a config file or a command line parameter. Another variation is to get the preferred IP address from a config file or a command line parameter.

总之，InetAddress.getLocalHost()通常可以工作，但是对于代码运行在“复杂”网络环境中的情况，您可能需要提供另一种方法。

我能够获得所有网络接口相关的所有IP地址，但我如何区分它们?

Any address in the range 127.xxx.xxx.xxx is a "loopback" address. It is only visible to "this" host. Any address in the range 192.168.xxx.xxx is a private (aka site local) IP address. These are reserved for use within an organization. The same applies to 10.xxx.xxx.xxx addresses, and 172.16.xxx.xxx through 172.31.xxx.xxx. Addresses in the range 169.254.xxx.xxx are link local IP addresses. These are reserved for use on a single network segment. Addresses in the range 224.xxx.xxx.xxx through 239.xxx.xxx.xxx are multicast addresses. The address 255.255.255.255 is the broadcast address. Anything else should be a valid public point-to-point IPv4 address.

事实上，InetAddress API提供了测试环回、链路本地、站点本地、组播和广播地址的方法。您可以使用这些来分类您获得的哪个IP地址是最合适的。

2012-02-28 12:59:05 
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class IpAddress {

NetworkInterface ifcfg;
Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses;
String address;

public String getIpAddress(String host) {
    try {
        ifcfg = NetworkInterface.getByName(host);
        addresses = ifcfg.getInetAddresses();
        while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
            address = addresses.nextElement().toString();
            address = address.replace("/", "");
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return ifcfg.toString();
}
}
2014-07-25 04:11:38

一个Kotlin的例子，至少在Windows上可以工作，即使我的VPN是打开的。 (当VPN打开时，其他方法似乎失败了) 它只需要查找一次计算机的IP地址。从那时起，始终可以从存储的适配器信息中找到IP地址。

import java.net.NetworkInterface
import java.util.prefs.Preferences

class WindowsIP {
    companion object {
        val prefs = Preferences.userNodeForPackage(this::class.java)  //Get the current IP address for the wifi adapter whose information
        // has been stored by calling findWifiAdapter(currentIp) with the known current IP (from wifi properties or whatever)
        fun getIpAddress(): String {
            val wlanName = prefs.get("WlanName", "")
            val wlanDisplName = prefs.get("WlanDisplName", "")
            val addrCnt = prefs.getInt("wlanAddrCount", 0)
            val nis = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces()
            for (ni in nis) {
                if (ni.name == wlanName && ni.displayName == wlanDisplName) {
                    var count = 0
                    for (addr in ni.inetAddresses) {
                        if (count++ == addrCnt) {
                            return addr.hostAddress
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return "Unknown. Call findWifiAdapter() with current IP address"
        }

        fun findWifiAdapter(currentIP: String) {  //Find the wifi adapter using the current IP address and store the information
                val nis = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces()
                for(ni in nis) {
                    var count = 0;
                    for(adr in ni.inetAddresses) {
                        if(adr.hostAddress == currentIP) {
                            prefs.put("WlanName", ni.name)
                            prefs.put("WlanDisplName", ni.displayName)
                            prefs.putInt("wlanAddrCount", count)  //Probably always zero?
                        }
                        ++count
                    }
                }
        }
    }
}
2023-01-14 05:30:28

在寻找“本地”地址时，应该注意到每台机器不仅只有一个网络接口，而且每个接口可以有自己的本地地址。这意味着您的机器总是拥有几个“本地”地址。

当您连接到不同的端点时，将自动选择使用不同的“本地”地址。例如，当你连接到google.com时，你是在使用一个“外部”本地地址;但是当您连接到本地主机时，您的本地地址总是localhost本身，因为localhost只是一个环回。

下面是当你与google.com通信时如何找到你的本地地址:

Socket socket = new Socket();
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("google.com", 80));
System.out.println(socket.getLocalAddress());
socket.close();
2017-01-24 07:12:18

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