您可以查看内置变量$psversiontable。如果它不存在，你就有V1。如果它确实存在，它将为您提供所需的所有信息。

1 >  $psversiontable

Name                           Value                                           
----                           -----                                           
CLRVersion                     2.0.50727.4927                                  
BuildVersion                   6.1.7600.16385                                  
PSVersion                      2.0                                             
WSManStackVersion              2.0                                             
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0}                                      
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1                                         
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.1    

我需要检查PowerShell的版本，然后运行相应的代码。我们的一些服务器运行v5，其他服务器运行v4。这意味着某些功能（如压缩）可能可用，也可能不可用。

这是我的解决方案：

if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -eq 5) {
    #Execute code available in PowerShell 5, like Compress
    Write-Host "You are running PowerShell version 5"
}
else {
    #Use a different process
    Write-Host "This is version $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major"
}

我发现检查是否安装的最简单方法是：

运行命令提示符（“开始”、“运行”、“命令”、“确定”）键入powershell，然后单击return。然后，您应该得到PowerShell PS提示：

C:\Users\MyUser>powershell

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\Users\MyUser>

然后，可以通过键入$PSVersionTable.PSVersion:

PS C:\Users\MyUser> $PSVersionTable.PSVersion

Major  Minor  Build  Revision
-----  -----  -----  --------
2      0      -1     -1

PS C:\Users\MyUser>

如果要返回到命令提示符，请键入exit（如果还要关闭命令提示符，则再次退出）。

要运行脚本，请参见http://ss64.com/ps/syntax-run.html.

这是“批处理文件获取powershell版本”的顶级搜索结果，因此我想提供一个基本示例，说明如何根据powershell版本在批处理文件中执行条件流

通用示例

powershell "exit $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major"
if %errorlevel% GEQ 5 (
    echo Do some fancy stuff that only powershell v5 or higher supports
) else (
    echo Functionality not support by current powershell version.
)

真实世界示例

powershell "exit $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major"
if %errorlevel% GEQ 5 (
    rem Unzip archive automatically
    powershell Expand-Archive Compressed.zip
) else (
    rem Make the user unzip, because lazy
    echo Please unzip Compressed.zip prior to continuing...
    pause
)

Use:

$psVersion = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion
If ($psVersion)
{
    #PowerShell Version Mapping
    $psVersionMappings = @()
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14393.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 Anniversary Update'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14300.1000';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 5'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.494';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3172985 1607'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.122';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3140743 1603'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.117';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1602';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.63';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3135173 1602'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.51';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1512';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10514.6';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Production Preview 1508';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10018.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview 1502';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.9883.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview November 2014';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='4.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 4 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='3.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 3 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='2.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 2 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7'}
    foreach ($psVersionMapping in $psVersionMappings)
    {
        If ($psVersion -ge $psVersionMapping.Name) {
            @{CurrentVersion=$psVersion;FriendlyName=$psVersionMapping.FriendlyName;ApplicableOS=$psVersionMapping.ApplicableOS}
            Break
        }
    }
}
Else{
    @{CurrentVersion='1.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 1 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP'}
}

您可以从How to determined installed PowerShell version下载详细脚本。

使用$PSVersionTable.PSVersion确定引擎版本。如果变量不存在，则可以安全地假设引擎为1.0版本。

请注意，$Host.Version和（Get-Host）.Version不可靠-它们反映只有主机的版本，而不是引擎。PowerGUI，PowerShellPLUS等都是托管应用程序，并且他们将设置主机的版本以反映其产品版本-这是完全正确的，但不是你想要的。

PS C:\> $PSVersionTable.PSVersion

Major  Minor  Build  Revision
-----  -----  -----  --------
4      0      -1     -1