复制自Spring in Action

AOP is often defined as a technique that promotes separation of concerns in a software system. Systems are composed of several components, each responsible for a specific piece of functionality. But often these components also carry additional responsibilities beyond their core functionality. System services such as logging, transaction management, and security often find their way into components whose core responsibilities is something else. These system services are commonly referred to as cross-cutting concerns because they tend to cut across multiple components in a system.

有一个AOP的例子，它用spring AOP作为例子。这个例子很容易理解。

Spring AOP(面向方面编程)框架用于模块化方面中的横切关注点。简单地说，它只是一个拦截器来拦截一些进程，例如，当一个方法被执行时，Spring AOP可以劫持正在执行的方法，并在方法执行之前或之后添加额外的功能。

参考:http://www.mkyong.com/spring/spring-aop-examples-advice/

不幸的是，让AOP在一个中等规模的组织中真正有用似乎非常困难。(编辑器的支持，控制感，事实上你从不那么重要的事情开始导致代码崩溃，人们回家找家人，等等。)

我把希望寄托在面向组合的编程上，这是越来越现实的东西。它连接了许多流行的想法，给你一些非常酷的东西。

这里有一个即将实现的实现:qi4j.org/

实际上，我认为AOP的优点之一也是它的致命弱点:它是非侵入性的，如果可以的话，可以让人们忽略它，因此在大多数组织中它将被视为次要的关注点。

AOP是一种更好地模块化应用程序以实现跨越多个边界的功能的方法。AOP是封装这些特性的另一种方式，通过将这些横切关注点(日志记录、错误处理等)移出应用程序的主要组件来遵循单一职责。如果使用得当，随着时间的推移，AOP可以在应用程序中带来更高级别的可维护性和可扩展性。

AOP解决横切关注点的问题，横切关注点是在不同方法中重复的任何类型的代码，通常不能完全重构到它自己的模块中，就像日志或验证一样。所以，在AOP中，你可以把这些东西从主代码中去掉，像这样垂直地定义它:

function mainProgram()
{ 
   var x =  foo();
   doSomethingWith(x);
   return x;
}

aspect logging
{ 
    before (mainProgram is called):
    { 
       log.Write("entering mainProgram");
    }

    after (mainProgram is called):
    { 
       log.Write(  "exiting mainProgram with return value of "
                  + mainProgram.returnValue);
    }
 } 

aspect verification
{ 
    before (doSomethingWith is called):
    { 
       if (doSomethingWith.arguments[0] == null) 
       { 
          throw NullArgumentException();
       }

       if (!doSomethingWith.caller.isAuthenticated)
       { 
          throw Securityexception();
       }
    }
 }

然后使用方面编织器将代码编译成这样:

function mainProgram()
{ 
   log.Write("entering mainProgram");

   var x = foo();   

   if (x == null) throw NullArgumentException();
   if (!mainProgramIsAuthenticated()) throw Securityexception();
   doSomethingWith(x);   

   log.Write("exiting mainProgram with return value of "+ x);
   return x;
} 

为了完整性，从副本中复制(蜂鸣器):

Class and method attributes in .NET are a form of aspect-oriented programming. You decorate your classes/methods with attributes. Behind the scenes this adds code to your class/method that performs the particular functions of the attribute. For example, marking a class serializable allows it to be serialized automatically for storage or transmission to another system. Other attributes might mark certain properties as non-serializable and these would be automatically omitted from the serialized object. Serialization is an aspect, implemented by other code in the system, and applied to your class by the application of a "configuration" attribute (decoration) .