我曾经写过一个快速测试来进行评估:

public class Test1 {

    // non-static nested
    class Nested { }

    // static nested
    static class StaticNested { }

    static long getFreeMemory () {
        // waits for free memory measurement to stabilize
        long init = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory(), init2;
        int count = 0;
        do {
            System.out.println("waiting..." + init);
            System.gc();
            try { Thread.sleep(250); } catch (Exception x) { }
            init2 = init;
            init = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
            if (init == init2) ++ count; else count = 0;
        } while (count < 5);
        System.out.println("ok..." + init);
        return init;
    }

    Test1 () throws InterruptedException {

        Object[] s = new Object[10000];
        Object[] n = new Object[10000];
        Object[] t = new Object[10000];

        long init = getFreeMemory();

        //for (int j = 0; j < 10000; ++ j)
        //    s[j] = new Separate();

        long afters = getFreeMemory();

        for (int j = 0; j < 10000; ++ j)
            n[j] = new Nested();

        long aftersn = getFreeMemory();

        for (int j = 0; j < 10000; ++ j)
            t[j] = new StaticNested();

        long aftersnt = getFreeMemory();

        System.out.println("separate:      " + -(afters - init) + " each=" + -(afters - init) / 10000);
        System.out.println("nested:        " + -(aftersn - afters) + " each=" + -(aftersn - afters) / 10000);
        System.out.println("static nested: " + -(aftersnt - aftersn) + " each=" + -(aftersnt - aftersn) / 10000);

    }

    public static void main (String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        new Test1();
    }

}

一般概念是分配对象并测量空闲堆空间的变化。键是getFreeMemory()，它请求GC运行并等待报告的空闲堆大小稳定下来。上面的输出是:

nested:        160000 each=16
static nested: 160000 each=16

考虑到对齐行为和可能的堆块报头开销，这正是我们所期望的。

仪器仪表方法详细在这里接受的答案是最准确的。我描述的方法是准确的，但只有在受控条件下，即没有其他线程创建/丢弃对象。

我怀疑您是否希望以编程方式完成它，除非您只是想执行一次并将其存储起来以供将来使用。这是一件代价高昂的事情。在Java中没有sizeof()操作符，即使有，它也只会计算引用其他对象的代价和原语的大小。

你可以这样做的一种方法是将它序列化到File中，然后查看文件的大小，就像这样:

Serializable myObject;
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream (new FileOutputStream ("obj.ser"));
oos.write (myObject);
oos.close ();

当然，这假设每个对象都是不同的，并且不包含对其他任何对象的非瞬时引用。

另一种策略是获取每个对象并通过反射检查其成员，并将大小相加(boolean & byte = 1字节，short & char = 2字节，等等)，沿着成员层次结构向下工作。但这既乏味又昂贵，而且最终与序列化策略所做的事情相同。

不需要干扰插装等，如果你不需要知道一个对象的确切字节大小，你可以使用以下方法:

System.gc();
Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();

do your job here

System.gc();
Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();

通过这种方式，您可以读取之前和之后使用的内存，并在获得使用的内存之前调用GC，将“噪声”降低到几乎为0。

为了得到更可靠的结果，您可以运行作业n次，然后将使用的内存除以n，得到一次运行占用的内存。甚至，你可以把整个过程运行更多次，得到一个平均值。

没有方法调用，如果这是你想要的。只要稍加研究，我想你就可以自己写了。一个特定的实例具有一个固定的大小，该大小来自引用和原语值的数量以及实例簿记数据。您可以简单地遍历对象图。行类型变化越少，越容易。

如果这太慢或者麻烦太多，总有好的老式的行计数经验法则。

如果你只是想知道在你的JVM中有多少内存被使用，有多少是空闲的，你可以尝试这样做:

// Get current size of heap in bytes
long heapSize = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory();

// Get maximum size of heap in bytes. The heap cannot grow beyond this size.
// Any attempt will result in an OutOfMemoryException.
long heapMaxSize = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();

// Get amount of free memory within the heap in bytes. This size will increase
// after garbage collection and decrease as new objects are created.
long heapFreeSize = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();

edit:我认为这可能会有帮助，因为问题作者还表示，他希望有处理“读取尽可能多的行，直到我使用了32MB内存”的逻辑。

下面是我使用一些链接示例制作的实用程序，用于处理32位、64位和64位压缩OOP。它使用sun.misc.不安全。

它使用Unsafe. addresssize()来获取本机指针的大小和Unsafe。arrayIndexScale(Object[].class)表示Java引用的大小。

它使用已知类的字段偏移量来计算对象的基大小。

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Stack;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;

/** Usage: 
 * MemoryUtil.sizeOf( object )
 * MemoryUtil.deepSizeOf( object )
 * MemoryUtil.ADDRESS_MODE
 */
public class MemoryUtil
{
    private MemoryUtil()
    {
    }

    public static enum AddressMode
    {
        /** Unknown address mode. Size calculations may be unreliable. */
        UNKNOWN,
        /** 32-bit address mode using 32-bit references. */
        MEM_32BIT,
        /** 64-bit address mode using 64-bit references. */
        MEM_64BIT,
        /** 64-bit address mode using 32-bit compressed references. */
        MEM_64BIT_COMPRESSED_OOPS
    }

    /** The detected runtime address mode. */
    public static final AddressMode ADDRESS_MODE;

    private static final Unsafe UNSAFE;

    private static final long ADDRESS_SIZE; // The size in bytes of a native pointer: 4 for 32 bit, 8 for 64 bit
    private static final long REFERENCE_SIZE; // The size of a Java reference: 4 for 32 bit, 4 for 64 bit compressed oops, 8 for 64 bit
    private static final long OBJECT_BASE_SIZE; // The minimum size of an Object: 8 for 32 bit, 12 for 64 bit compressed oops, 16 for 64 bit
    private static final long OBJECT_ALIGNMENT = 8;

    /** Use the offset of a known field to determine the minimum size of an object. */
    private static final Object HELPER_OBJECT = new Object() { byte b; };


    static
    {
        try
        {
            // Use reflection to get a reference to the 'Unsafe' object.
            Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField( "theUnsafe" );
            f.setAccessible( true );
            UNSAFE = (Unsafe) f.get( null );

            OBJECT_BASE_SIZE = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset( HELPER_OBJECT.getClass().getDeclaredField( "b" ) );

            ADDRESS_SIZE = UNSAFE.addressSize();
            REFERENCE_SIZE = UNSAFE.arrayIndexScale( Object[].class );

            if( ADDRESS_SIZE == 4 )
            {
                ADDRESS_MODE = AddressMode.MEM_32BIT;
            }
            else if( ADDRESS_SIZE == 8 && REFERENCE_SIZE == 8 )
            {
                ADDRESS_MODE = AddressMode.MEM_64BIT;
            }
            else if( ADDRESS_SIZE == 8 && REFERENCE_SIZE == 4 )
            {
                ADDRESS_MODE = AddressMode.MEM_64BIT_COMPRESSED_OOPS;
            }
            else
            {
                ADDRESS_MODE = AddressMode.UNKNOWN;
            }
        }
        catch( Exception e )
        {
            throw new Error( e );
        }
    }


    /** Return the size of the object excluding any referenced objects. */
    public static long shallowSizeOf( final Object object )
    {
        Class<?> objectClass = object.getClass();
        if( objectClass.isArray() )
        {
            // Array size is base offset + length * element size
            long size = UNSAFE.arrayBaseOffset( objectClass )
                    + UNSAFE.arrayIndexScale( objectClass ) * Array.getLength( object );
            return padSize( size );
        }
        else
        {
            // Object size is the largest field offset padded out to 8 bytes
            long size = OBJECT_BASE_SIZE;
            do
            {
                for( Field field : objectClass.getDeclaredFields() )
                {
                    if( (field.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 )
                    {
                        long offset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset( field );
                        if( offset >= size )
                        {
                            size = offset + 1; // Field size is between 1 and PAD_SIZE bytes. Padding will round up to padding size.
                        }
                    }
                }
                objectClass = objectClass.getSuperclass();
            }
            while( objectClass != null );

            return padSize( size );
        }
    }


    private static final long padSize( final long size )
    {
        return (size + (OBJECT_ALIGNMENT - 1)) & ~(OBJECT_ALIGNMENT - 1);
    }


    /** Return the size of the object including any referenced objects. */
    public static long deepSizeOf( final Object object )
    {
        IdentityHashMap<Object,Object> visited = new IdentityHashMap<Object,Object>();
        Stack<Object> stack = new Stack<Object>();
        if( object != null ) stack.push( object );

        long size = 0;
        while( !stack.isEmpty() )
        {
            size += internalSizeOf( stack.pop(), stack, visited );
        }
        return size;
    }


    private static long internalSizeOf( final Object object, final Stack<Object> stack, final IdentityHashMap<Object,Object> visited )
    {
        // Scan for object references and add to stack
        Class<?> c = object.getClass();
        if( c.isArray() && !c.getComponentType().isPrimitive() )
        {
            // Add unseen array elements to stack
            for( int i = Array.getLength( object ) - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
            {
                Object val = Array.get( object, i );
                if( val != null && visited.put( val, val ) == null )
                {
                    stack.add( val );
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Add unseen object references to the stack
            for( ; c != null; c = c.getSuperclass() )
            {
                for( Field field : c.getDeclaredFields() )
                {
                    if( (field.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 
                            && !field.getType().isPrimitive() )
                    {
                        field.setAccessible( true );
                        try
                        {
                            Object val = field.get( object );
                            if( val != null && visited.put( val, val ) == null )
                            {
                                stack.add( val );
                            }
                        }
                        catch( IllegalArgumentException e )
                        {
                            throw new RuntimeException( e );
                        }
                        catch( IllegalAccessException e )
                        {
                            throw new RuntimeException( e );
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return shallowSizeOf( object );
    }
}