要在Swift 4中获得类型名为字符串(我没有检查早期版本)，只需使用字符串插值:

"\(type(of: myViewController))"

你可以在类型本身上使用.self，在实例上使用type(of:_)函数:

// Both constants will have "UIViewController" as their value
let stringFromType = "\(UIViewController.self)"
let stringFromInstance = "\(type(of: UIViewController()))"

更新到swift 5

我们可以通过String初始化器使用实例变量获得类型名的详细描述，并创建某个类的新对象

例如，print(String(description: type(of: object)))。其中object可以是一个实例变量，如数组，字典，Int, NSDate等。

因为NSObject是大多数Objective-C类层次结构的根类，你可以尝试为NSObject做一个扩展，以获得NSObject的每个子类的类名。是这样的:

extension NSObject {
    var theClassName: String {
        return NSStringFromClass(type(of: self))
    }
}

或者您可以创建一个静态函数，其参数类型为Any(所有类型隐式遵循的协议)，并将类名返回为String。是这样的:

class Utility{
    class func classNameAsString(_ obj: Any) -> String {
        //prints more readable results for dictionaries, arrays, Int, etc
        return String(describing: type(of: obj))
    }
} 

现在你可以这样做:

class ClassOne : UIViewController{ /* some code here */ }
class ClassTwo : ClassOne{ /* some code here */ }

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Get the class name as String
        let dictionary: [String: CGFloat] = [:]
        let array: [Int] = []
        let int = 9
        let numFloat: CGFloat = 3.0
        let numDouble: Double = 1.0
        let classOne = ClassOne()
        let classTwo: ClassTwo? = ClassTwo()
        let now = NSDate()
        let lbl = UILabel()

        print("dictionary: [String: CGFloat] = [:] -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(dictionary))")
        print("array: [Int] = [] -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(array))")
        print("int = 9 -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(int))")
        print("numFloat: CGFloat = 3.0 -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(numFloat))")
        print("numDouble: Double = 1.0 -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(numDouble))")
        print("classOne = ClassOne() -> \((ClassOne).self)") //we use the Extension
        if classTwo != nil {
            print("classTwo: ClassTwo? = ClassTwo() -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(classTwo!))") //now we can use a Forced-Value Expression and unwrap the value
        }
        print("now = Date() -> \(Utility.classNameAsString(now))")
        print("lbl = UILabel() -> \(String(describing: type(of: lbl)))") // we use the String initializer directly

    }
}

而且，一旦我们可以获得类名String，我们就可以实例化该类的新对象:

// Instantiate a class from a String
print("\nInstantiate a class from a String")
let aClassName = classOne.theClassName
let aClassType = NSClassFromString(aClassName) as! NSObject.Type
let instance = aClassType.init() // we create a new object
print(String(cString: class_getName(type(of: instance))))
print(instance.self is ClassOne)

也许这能帮助一些人!

来自实例的字符串:

String(describing: self)

类型中的字符串:

String(describing: YourType.self)

例子:

struct Foo {

    // Instance Level
    var typeName: String {
        return String(describing: Foo.self)
    }

    // Instance Level - Alternative Way
    var otherTypeName: String {
        let thisType = type(of: self)
        return String(describing: thisType)
    }

    // Type Level
    static var typeName: String {
        return String(describing: self)
    }

}

Foo().typeName       // = "Foo"
Foo().otherTypeName  // = "Foo"
Foo.typeName         // = "Foo"

用类、结构和enum测试。

如果你不喜欢这个乱七八糟的名字，你可以口述你自己的名字:

@objc(CalendarViewController) class CalendarViewController : UIViewController {
    // ...
}

然而，从长远来看，最好是学会解析这个混乱的名称。格式是标准的、有意义的，不会改变。

我建议这样的方法(非常Swifty):

// Swift 3
func typeName(_ some: Any) -> String {
    return (some is Any.Type) ? "\(some)" : "\(type(of: some))"
}

// Swift 2
func typeName(some: Any) -> String {
    return (some is Any.Type) ? "\(some)" : "\(some.dynamicType)"
}

它既不使用内省，也不使用手动提取(没有魔法!)

下面是一个演示:

// Swift 3

import class Foundation.NSObject

func typeName(_ some: Any) -> String {
    return (some is Any.Type) ? "\(some)" : "\(type(of: some))"
}

class GenericClass<T> {
    var x: T? = nil
}

protocol Proto1 {
    func f(x: Int) -> Int
}


@objc(ObjCClass1)
class Class1: NSObject, Proto1 {
    func f(x: Int) -> Int {
        return x
    }
}

struct Struct1 {
    var x: Int
}

enum Enum1 {
    case X
}

print(typeName(GenericClass<Int>.self)) // GenericClass<Int>
print(typeName(GenericClass<Int>()))  // GenericClass<Int>

print(typeName(Proto1.self)) // Proto1

print(typeName(Class1.self))   // Class1
print(typeName(Class1())) // Class1
print(typeName(Class1().f)) // (Int) -> Int

print(typeName(Struct1.self)) // Struct1
print(typeName(Struct1(x: 1))) // Struct1
print(typeName(Enum1.self)) // Enum1
print(typeName(Enum1.X)) // Enum1

在我的例子中，String(description: self)返回如下内容:

< My_project。ExampleViewController: 0x10b2bb2b0 >

但我想在Android上有类似getSimpleName的东西。

所以我创建了一个小扩展:

extension UIViewController {

    func getSimpleClassName() -> String {
        let describing = String(describing: self)
        if let dotIndex = describing.index(of: "."), let commaIndex = describing.index(of: ":") {
            let afterDotIndex = describing.index(after: dotIndex)
            if(afterDotIndex < commaIndex) {
                return String(describing[afterDotIndex ..< commaIndex])
            }
        }
        return describing
    }

}

现在它返回:

ExampleViewController

扩展NSObject而不是UIViewController也可以。上面的函数也是故障安全的:)