FirstActivity使用startActivityForResult:

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,SecondActivity.class);
startActivityForResult(intent, int requestCode); // suppose requestCode == 2

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
{
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == 2)
    {
        String message=data.getStringExtra("MESSAGE");
    }
}

在SecondActivity上调用setResult() onClick事件或onBackPressed()

Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.putExtra("MESSAGE",message);
setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);

只是一个小细节，我认为是错过了以上的答案。

如果你的子活动可以从多个父活动中打开，那么你可以根据你的活动是由startActivity还是startActivityForResult打开来检查你是否需要做setResult。您可以通过使用getCallingActivity()来实现这一点。更多信息请点击这里。

使用startActivityForResult()方法调用子活动Intent

这里有一个例子: http://developer.android.com/training/notepad/notepad-ex2.html

在“从屏幕返回结果”中: http://developer.android.com/guide/faq/commontasks.html#opennewscreen

根据具体情况，有几种方法可以达到你想要的效果。

最常见的场景(听起来就是你的场景)是使用子活动获取用户输入——比如从列表中选择联系人或在对话框中输入数据。在这种情况下，你应该使用startActivityForResult来启动你的子Activity。

这提供了一个使用setResult将数据发送回主Activity的管道。setResult方法接受一个int结果值和一个Intent，该Intent被传递回调用Activity。

Intent resultIntent = new Intent();
// TODO Add extras or a data URI to this intent as appropriate.
resultIntent.putExtra("some_key", "String data"); 
setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultIntent);
finish();

要访问调用Activity中返回的数据，重写onActivityResult。requestCode对应于startActivityForResult调用中传递的整数，而resultCode和data Intent则从子Activity返回。

@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
  super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
  switch(requestCode) {
    case (MY_CHILD_ACTIVITY) : {
      if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
        // TODO Extract the data returned from the child Activity.
        String returnValue = data.getStringExtra("some_key");
      }
      break;
    } 
  }
}

在第一个活动中，你可以使用startActivityForResult()发送意图，然后在它完成使用setResult后从第二个活动中获得结果。

MainActivity.class

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int SECOND_ACTIVITY_RESULT_CODE = 0;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    // "Go to Second Activity" button click
    public void onButtonClick(View view) {

        // Start the SecondActivity
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
        // send intent for result 
        startActivityForResult(intent, SECOND_ACTIVITY_RESULT_CODE);
    }

    // This method is called when the second activity finishes
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

        // check that it is the SecondActivity with an OK result
        if (requestCode == SECOND_ACTIVITY_RESULT_CODE) {
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {

                // get String data from Intent
                String returnString = data.getStringExtra("keyName");

                // set text view with string
                TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
                textView.setText(returnString);
            }
        }
    }
}

SecondActivity.class

public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
    }

    // "Send text back" button click
    public void onButtonClick(View view) {

        // get the text from the EditText
        EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
        String stringToPassBack = editText.getText().toString();

        // put the String to pass back into an Intent and close this activity
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.putExtra("keyName", stringToPassBack);
        setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
        finish();
    }
}

Activity 1使用startActivityForResult:

startActivityForResult(ActivityTwo, ActivityTwoRequestCode);

启动Activity 2，你可以执行以下操作，关闭Activity:

Intent output = new Intent();
output.putExtra(ActivityOne.Number1Code, num1);
output.putExtra(ActivityOne.Number2Code, num2);
setResult(RESULT_OK, output);
finish();

Activity 1 -从前一个Activity返回将调用onActivityResult:

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    if (requestCode == ActivityTwoRequestCode && resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null) {
        num1 = data.getIntExtra(Number1Code);
        num2 = data.getIntExtra(Number2Code);
    }
}

更新: 回答Seenu69的评论，在活动二，

int result = Integer.parse(EditText1.getText().toString()) 
           + Integer.parse(EditText2.getText().toString());
output.putExtra(ActivityOne.KEY_RESULT, result);

在活动一中，

int result = data.getExtra(KEY_RESULT);