根据这里的一些答案的组合，这对我来说是有效的。

<Switch
    android:trackTintMode="src_over"
    android:thumbTint="@color/white"
    android:trackTint="@color/shadow"
    android:checked="true"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

<androidx.appcompat.widget.SwitchCompat
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                app:thumbTint="@color/white"
                app:trackTint="@drawable/checker_track"/>

在checker_track.xml中:

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:color="@color/lightish_blue" android:state_checked="true"/>
    <item android:color="@color/hint" android:state_checked="false"/>
</selector>

这是为我工作(需要Android 4.1):

Switch switchInput = new Switch(this);
int colorOn = 0xFF323E46;
int colorOff = 0xFF666666;
int colorDisabled = 0xFF333333;
StateListDrawable thumbStates = new StateListDrawable();
thumbStates.addState(new int[]{android.R.attr.state_checked}, new ColorDrawable(colorOn));
thumbStates.addState(new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_enabled}, new ColorDrawable(colorDisabled));
thumbStates.addState(new int[]{}, new ColorDrawable(colorOff)); // this one has to come last
switchInput.setThumbDrawable(thumbStates);

注意，需要最后添加“default”状态，如下所示。

我看到的唯一问题是，开关的“拇指”现在看起来比背景或开关的“轨道”更大。我认为这是因为我仍然在使用默认的轨道图像，它周围有一些空白空间。然而，当我尝试使用这种技术定制轨道图像时，我的开关似乎有一个1像素的高度，只有一段开/关文本出现。肯定有解决办法，但我还没找到……

Android 5更新

在Android 5中，上面的代码使开关完全消失。我们应该能够使用新的setButtonTintList方法，但对于开关，这似乎被忽略了。但这是可行的:

ColorStateList buttonStates = new ColorStateList(
        new int[][]{
                new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_enabled},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_checked},
                new int[]{}
        },
        new int[]{
                Color.BLUE,
                Color.RED,
                Color.GREEN
        }
);
switchInput.getThumbDrawable().setTintList(buttonStates);
switchInput.getTrackDrawable().setTintList(buttonStates);

更新Android 6-7

As Cheruby stated in the comments, we can use the new setThumbTintList and that worked as expected for me. We can also use setTrackTintList, but that applies the color as a blend, with a result that's darker than expected in dark color themes and lighter than expected in light color themes, sometimes to the point of being invisible. In Android 7, I was able to minimize that change that by overriding the track tint mode, but I couldn't get decent results from that in Android 6. You might need to define extra colors that compensate for the blending. (Do you ever get the feeling that Google doesn't want us to customize the appearance of our apps?)

ColorStateList thumbStates = new ColorStateList(
        new int[][]{
                new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_enabled},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_checked},
                new int[]{}
        },
        new int[]{
                Color.BLUE,
                Color.RED,
                Color.GREEN
        }
);
switchInput.setThumbTintList(thumbStates);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
    ColorStateList trackStates = new ColorStateList(
            new int[][]{
                    new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_enabled},
                    new int[]{}
            },
            new int[]{
                    Color.GRAY,
                    Color.LTGRAY
            }
    );
    switchInput.setTrackTintList(trackStates);
    switchInput.setTrackTintMode(PorterDuff.Mode.OVERLAY);
}

你可以试试这个库，很容易改变颜色的开关按钮。 https://github.com/kyleduo/SwitchButton

Android 2022 -最简单直接的方法:

的变化

/res/values/themes.xml

FROM

<!-- Secondary brand color. -->
<item name="colorSecondary">@color/teal_200</item>
<item name="colorSecondaryVariant">@color/teal_700</item>

TO

<!-- Secondary brand color. -->
<item name="colorSecondary">@color/purple_500</item>
<item name="colorSecondaryVariant">@color/purple_700</item>

在Android Lollipop和以上版本中，在你的主题样式中定义它:

<style name="BaseAppTheme" parent="Material.Theme">
    ...
    <item name="android:colorControlActivated">@color/color_switch</item>
</style>