我写了一篇文章来演示如何在JavaScript中排列数组。下面是执行此操作的代码。

var count=0;
function permute(pre,cur){ 
    var len=cur.length;
    for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
        var p=clone(pre);
        var c=clone(cur);
        p.push(cur[i]);
        remove(c,cur[i]);
        if(len>1){
            permute(p,c);
        }else{
            print(p);
            count++;
        }
    }
}
function print(arr){
    var len=arr.length;
    for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
        document.write(arr[i]+" ");
    }
    document.write("<br />");
}
function remove(arr,item){
    if(contains(arr,item)){
        var len=arr.length;
        for(var i = len-1; i >= 0; i--){ // STEP 1
            if(arr[i] == item){             // STEP 2
                arr.splice(i,1);              // STEP 3
            }
        }
    }
}
function contains(arr,value){
    for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
        if(arr[i]==value){
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
function clone(arr){
    var a=new Array();
    var len=arr.length;
    for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
        a.push(arr[i]);
    }
    return a;
}

就叫

permute（[]， [1，2，3，4]）

将工作。关于这是如何工作的详细信息，请参考那篇文章中的解释。

const removeItem = (arr, i) => {
  return arr.slice(0, i).concat(arr.slice(i+1));
}

const makePermutations = (strArr) => {
  const doPermutation = (strArr, pairArr) => {
    return strArr.reduce((result, permutItem, i) => {
      const currentPair = removeItem(pairArr, i);
      const tempResult = currentPair.map((item) => permutItem+item);
      return tempResult.length === 1 ? result.concat(tempResult) :
             result.concat(doPermutation(tempResult, currentPair));
    }, []);
  }
  return strArr.length === 1 ? strArr :
         doPermutation(strArr, strArr);
}


makePermutations(["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
//result: ["abcd", "abdc", "acbd", "acdb", "adbc", "adcb", "bacd", "badc", "bcad", "bcda", "bdac", "bdca", "cabd", "cadb", "cbad", "cbda", "cdab", "cdba", "dabc", "dacb", "dbac", "dbca", "dcab", "dcba"]

我使用了一个字符串而不是一个数组，似乎我的算法消耗的时间更少。我把我的算法贴在这里，我测量的时间正确吗?

console.time('process');

var result = []

function swapper(toSwap){
    let start = toSwap[0]
    let end = toSwap.slice(1)
    return end + start
}


function perm(str){
    let i = str.length
    let filling = i - 1

    let buckets = i*filling
    let tmpSwap = ''
    for(let j=0; j<filling; j++){
        if(j===0){
            result.push(str)
        }else{
          if(j === 1){
              tmpSwap = swapper(str.slice(1))
              result.push(str[0]+ tmpSwap)
              if(j === filling-1 && result.length < buckets){
                  perm(swapper(str))
              }

          }else{
              tmpSwap = swapper(tmpSwap)
              result.push(str[0]+ tmpSwap)
              if(j === filling-1 && result.length < buckets){
                  perm(swapper(str))
              }
          }
        }
    }

    if(result.length = buckets){
      return result
    }else{
      return 'something went wrong'
    }

}





console.log(perm('abcdefghijk'))

console.timeEnd('process');

   function perm(xs) {
       return xs.length === 0 ? [[]] : perm(xs.slice(1)).reduce(function (acc, ys) {
        for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
          acc.push([].concat(ys.slice(0, i), xs[0], ys.slice(i)));
        }
        return acc;
      }, []);
    }

用以下方法进行测试:

console.log(JSON.stringify(perm([1, 2, 3,4])));

无需外部数组或附加函数即可回答

function permutator (arr) {
  var permutations = [];
  if (arr.length === 1) {
    return [ arr ];
  }

  for (var i = 0; i <  arr.length; i++) { 
    var subPerms = permutator(arr.slice(0, i).concat(arr.slice(i + 1)));
    for (var j = 0; j < subPerms.length; j++) {
      subPerms[j].unshift(arr[i]);
      permutations.push(subPerms[j]);
    }
  }
  return permutations;
}

下面的函数排列任意类型的数组，并对发现的每个排列调用指定的回调函数:

/*
  Permutate the elements in the specified array by swapping them
  in-place and calling the specified callback function on the array
  for each permutation.

  Return the number of permutations.

  If array is undefined, null or empty, return 0.

  NOTE: when permutation succeeds, the array should be in the original state
  on exit!
*/
  function permutate(array, callback) {
    // Do the actual permuation work on array[], starting at index
    function p(array, index, callback) {
      // Swap elements i1 and i2 in array a[]
      function swap(a, i1, i2) {
        var t = a[i1];
        a[i1] = a[i2];
        a[i2] = t;
      }

      if (index == array.length - 1) {
        callback(array);
        return 1;
      } else {
        var count = p(array, index + 1, callback);
        for (var i = index + 1; i < array.length; i++) {
          swap(array, i, index);
          count += p(array, index + 1, callback);
          swap(array, i, index);
        }
        return count;
      }
    }

    if (!array || array.length == 0) {
      return 0;
    }
    return p(array, 0, callback);
  }

如果你这样称呼它:

  // Empty array to hold results
  var result = [];
  // Permutate [1, 2, 3], pushing every permutation onto result[]
  permutate([1, 2, 3], function (a) {
    // Create a copy of a[] and add that to result[]
    result.push(a.slice(0));
  });
  // Show result[]
  document.write(result);

我认为它将完全满足您的需要-用数组[1,2,3]的排列填充一个名为result的数组。结果是:

[[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,2,1],[3,1,2]]

JSFiddle上的代码稍微清晰一些:http://jsfiddle.net/MgmMg/6/