最简单的方法:

from pathlib import Path
from glob import glob

current_dir = Path.cwd()
all_sub_dir_paths = glob(str(current_dir) + '/*/') # returns list of sub directory paths

all_sub_dir_names = [Path(sub_dir).name for sub_dir in all_sub_dir_paths] 

使用OS walk

sub_folders = []
for dir, sub_dirs, files in os.walk(test_folder):
    sub_folders.extend(sub_dirs)

我们可以使用os.walk()来获取所有文件夹的列表

import os

path = os.getcwd()

pathObject = os.walk(path)

这个pathObject是一个对象，我们可以通过

arr = [x for x in pathObject]

arr is of type [('current directory', [array of folder in current directory], [files in current directory]),('subdirectory', [array of folder in subdirectory], [files in subdirectory]) ....]

我们可以通过遍历arr并打印中间的数组来获得所有子目录的列表

for i in arr:
   for j in i[1]:
      print(j)

这将打印所有子目录。

获取所有文件:

for i in arr:
   for j in i[2]:
      print(i[0] + "/" + j)

由于我在使用Python 3.4和Windows UNC路径时偶然发现了这个问题，下面是这个环境的一个变体:

from pathlib import WindowsPath

def SubDirPath (d):
    return [f for f in d.iterdir() if f.is_dir()]

subdirs = SubDirPath(WindowsPath(r'\\file01.acme.local\home$'))
print(subdirs)

Pathlib是Python 3.4中的新功能，它使得在不同操作系统下使用路径更加容易: https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/pathlib.html

使用过滤函数os.path.isdir over os.listdir() 类似这样的过滤器(os.path.isdir，[os.path.join(os.path.abspath('PATH')，p) for p in os.listdir('PATH/')])

函数返回给定文件路径内所有子目录的List。将搜索整个文件树。

import os

def get_sub_directory_paths(start_directory, sub_directories):
    """
    This method iterates through all subdirectory paths of a given 
    directory to collect all directory paths.

    :param start_directory: The starting directory path.
    :param sub_directories: A List that all subdirectory paths will be 
        stored to.
    :return: A List of all sub-directory paths.
    """

    for item in os.listdir(start_directory):
        full_path = os.path.join(start_directory, item)

        if os.path.isdir(full_path):
            sub_directories.append(full_path)

            # Recursive call to search through all subdirectories.
            get_sub_directory_paths(full_path, sub_directories)

return sub_directories