下面是基于@Blair Conrad的例子的几个简单函数

import os

def get_subdirs(dir):
    "Get a list of immediate subdirectories"
    return next(os.walk(dir))[1]

def get_subfiles(dir):
    "Get a list of immediate subfiles"
    return next(os.walk(dir))[2]

全路径，计算路径为。，..， \\， ..\\…\ \文件夹等:

import os, pprint
pprint.pprint([os.path.join(os.path.abspath(path), x[0]) \
    for x in os.walk(os.path.abspath(path))])

由于我在使用Python 3.4和Windows UNC路径时偶然发现了这个问题，下面是这个环境的一个变体:

from pathlib import WindowsPath

def SubDirPath (d):
    return [f for f in d.iterdir() if f.is_dir()]

subdirs = SubDirPath(WindowsPath(r'\\file01.acme.local\home$'))
print(subdirs)

Pathlib是Python 3.4中的新功能，它使得在不同操作系统下使用路径更加容易: https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/pathlib.html

函数返回给定文件路径内所有子目录的List。将搜索整个文件树。

import os

def get_sub_directory_paths(start_directory, sub_directories):
    """
    This method iterates through all subdirectory paths of a given 
    directory to collect all directory paths.

    :param start_directory: The starting directory path.
    :param sub_directories: A List that all subdirectory paths will be 
        stored to.
    :return: A List of all sub-directory paths.
    """

    for item in os.listdir(start_directory):
        full_path = os.path.join(start_directory, item)

        if os.path.isdir(full_path):
            sub_directories.append(full_path)

            # Recursive call to search through all subdirectories.
            get_sub_directory_paths(full_path, sub_directories)

return sub_directories

虽然这个问题很久以前就有答案了。我想推荐使用pathlib模块，因为这是在Windows和Unix操作系统上工作的一种健壮的方式。

要获取特定目录下的所有路径，包括子目录:

from pathlib import Path
paths = list(Path('myhomefolder', 'folder').glob('**/*.txt'))

# all sorts of operations
file = paths[0]
file.name
file.stem
file.parent
file.suffix

etc.

这是简单的递归解

import os
def fn(dir=r"C:\Users\aryan\Downloads\opendatakit"):  # 1.Get file names from directory
    file_list = os.listdir(dir)
    res = []
    # print(file_list)
    for file in file_list:
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dir, file)):
                res.append(file)
        else:
            result = fn(os.path.join(dir, file))
            if result:
                res.extend(fn(os.path.join(dir, file)))
    return res


res = fn()
print(res)
print(len(res))