我如何创建一个唯一的约束，也允许空?

我想在一个列上有一个唯一的约束，我将用guid填充这个列。但是，我的数据包含这些列的空值。如何创建允许多个空值的约束?

下面是一个示例场景。考虑这个模式:

CREATE TABLE People (
  Id INT CONSTRAINT PK_MyTable PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
  Name NVARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
  LibraryCardId UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NULL,
  CONSTRAINT UQ_People_LibraryCardId UNIQUE (LibraryCardId)
)

然后看看我想要实现的代码:

-- This works fine:
INSERT INTO People (Name, LibraryCardId) 
 VALUES ('John Doe', 'AAAAAAAA-AAAA-AAAA-AAAA-AAAAAAAAAAAA');

-- This also works fine, obviously:
INSERT INTO People (Name, LibraryCardId) 
VALUES ('Marie Doe', 'BBBBBBBB-BBBB-BBBB-BBBB-BBBBBBBBBBBB');

-- This would *correctly* fail:
--INSERT INTO People (Name, LibraryCardId) 
--VALUES ('John Doe the Second', 'AAAAAAAA-AAAA-AAAA-AAAA-AAAAAAAAAAAA');

-- This works fine this one first time:
INSERT INTO People (Name, LibraryCardId) 
VALUES ('Richard Roe', NULL);

-- THE PROBLEM: This fails even though I'd like to be able to do this:
INSERT INTO People (Name, LibraryCardId) 
VALUES ('Marcus Roe', NULL);

最后一个语句失败，并返回一条消息:

违反唯一键约束'UQ_People_LibraryCardId'。不能在对象'dbo.People'中插入重复的键。

我如何改变我的模式和/或唯一性约束，使它允许多个NULL值，同时仍然检查对实际数据的唯一性?

当前回答

创建一个只选择非null列的视图，并在视图上创建UNIQUE INDEX:

CREATE VIEW myview
AS
SELECT  *
FROM    mytable
WHERE   mycolumn IS NOT NULL

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ux_myview_mycolumn ON myview (mycolumn)

注意，您需要在视图而不是表上执行INSERT和UPDATE。

你可以使用INSTEAD OF触发器:

CREATE TRIGGER trg_mytable_insert ON mytable
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
BEGIN
        INSERT
        INTO    myview
        SELECT  *
        FROM    inserted
END

2009-04-20 10:19:40

其他回答

也许可以考虑使用“代替”触发器，然后自己检查?使用列上的非聚集(非唯一)索引来启用查找。

2009-04-20 10:39:10

你不能用UNIQUE约束这样做，但你可以在触发器中这样做。

    CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[OnInsertMyTableTrigger]
   ON  [dbo].[MyTable]
   INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS 
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    DECLARE @Column1 INT;
    DECLARE @Column2 INT; -- allow nulls on this column

    SELECT @Column1=Column1, @Column2=Column2 FROM inserted;

    -- Check if an existing record already exists, if not allow the insert.
    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM dbo.MyTable WHERE Column1=@Column1 AND Column2=@Column2 @Column2 IS NOT NULL)
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable (Column1, Column2)
            SELECT @Column2, @Column2;
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        RAISERROR('The unique constraint applies on Column1 %d, AND Column2 %d, unless Column2 is NULL.', 16, 1, @Column1, @Column2);
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;   
    END

END

2013-01-25 18:33:34

可以在群集索引视图上创建唯一的约束

你可以像这样创建视图:

CREATE VIEW dbo.VIEW_OfYourTable WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
SELECT YourUniqueColumnWithNullValues FROM dbo.YourTable
WHERE YourUniqueColumnWithNullValues IS NOT NULL;

唯一的约束条件是这样的:

CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX UIX_VIEW_OFYOURTABLE 
  ON dbo.VIEW_OfYourTable(YourUniqueColumnWithNullValues)

2009-04-20 10:21:13

这段代码如果你使一个注册表单与文本框和使用插入和你的文本框是空的，你点击提交按钮。

CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_tableName_Column]
ON [dbo].[tableName]([columnName] ASC) WHERE [columnName] !=`''`;

2015-11-21 16:12:01

创建一个只选择非null列的视图，并在视图上创建UNIQUE INDEX:

CREATE VIEW myview
AS
SELECT  *
FROM    mytable
WHERE   mycolumn IS NOT NULL

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ux_myview_mycolumn ON myview (mycolumn)

注意，您需要在视图而不是表上执行INSERT和UPDATE。

你可以使用INSTEAD OF触发器:

CREATE TRIGGER trg_mytable_insert ON mytable
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
BEGIN
        INSERT
        INTO    myview
        SELECT  *
        FROM    inserted
END

2009-04-20 10:19:40

我如何创建一个唯一的约束，也允许空?

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