在我的例子中，我重新安装了Python。这就解决了问题。

brew reinstall python

你可以尝试brew链接，它会告诉你正确的说明:

$ brew link openssl --force
Warning: Refusing to link macOS provided/shadowed software: openssl@1.1
If you need to have openssl@1.1 first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find openssl@1.1 you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include"

For pkg-config to find openssl@1.1 you may need to set:
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/pkgconfig"

对于OpenSUSE，以同样的方式，但对上面列出的包做了一些更改:

zypper install zlib-devel libopenssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite3-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

然后cd到Python源代码dir和

make
make install

or

make
make altinstall

也许

ln -s /usr/local/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/ /usr/local/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload

应该为OpenSUSE用户执行。请参见Python 3.7安装无法在openSUSE Leap 42.3上工作

这就是默认ssl设置的问题。你需要下载Python3并将路径添加到你的系统中。如果使用Pycharm，请将解释器设置为python3路径。然后可以正常使用pip3而不会出现错误。

先安装openssl。

如果你在conda环境中遇到这个问题，你可以安装openssl 使用conda install -c anaconda openssl。它为您启用ssl !

对于Debian用户，以下可能会用到:

 sudo apt install libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev libtk8.6 libgdm-dev libdb4o-cil-dev libpcap-dev

然后cd到Python 3. exe文件所在的文件夹。X库源代码，运行:

./configure
make
make install