错误:发送到客户端后无法设置标头

我对Node.js相当陌生，我有一些问题。

我使用的是Node.js 4.10和Express 2.4.3。

当我尝试访问http://127.0.0.1:8888/auth/facebook时，我将被重定向到http://127.0.0.1:8888/auth/facebook_callback。

然后我收到以下错误:

Error: Can't render headers after they are sent to the client.
    at ServerResponse.<anonymous> (http.js:573:11)
    at ServerResponse._renderHeaders (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/patch.js:64:25)
    at ServerResponse.writeHead (http.js:813:20)
    at /home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/auth.strategies/facebook.js:28:15
    at /home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/index.js:113:13
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/strategyExecutor.js:45:39)
    at [object Object].pass (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/authExecutionScope.js:32:3)
    at [object Object].halt (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/authExecutionScope.js:29:8)
    at [object Object].redirect (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/authExecutionScope.js:16:8)
    at [object Object].<anonymous> (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/auth.strategies/facebook.js:77:15)
Error: Can't set headers after they are sent.
    at ServerResponse.<anonymous> (http.js:527:11)
    at ServerResponse.setHeader (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/patch.js:50:20)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:162:13)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:195:11)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:150:23)
    at param (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:189:13)
    at pass (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:191:10)
    at Object.router [as handle] (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:197:6)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:198:15)
    at Object.auth [as handle] (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/index.js:153:7)
Error: Can't set headers after they are sent.
    at ServerResponse.<anonymous> (http.js:527:11)
    at ServerResponse.setHeader (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/patch.js:50:20)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:162:13)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:207:9)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:150:23)
    at param (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:189:13)
    at pass (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:191:10)
    at Object.router [as handle] (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:197:6)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:198:15)
    at Object.auth [as handle] (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/index.js:153:7)
Error: Can't set headers after they are sent.
    at ServerResponse.<anonymous> (http.js:527:11)
    at ServerResponse.setHeader (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/patch.js:50:20)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:162:13)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:150:23)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:207:9)
    at Object.auth [as handle] (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect-auth/lib/index.js:153:7)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:198:15)
    at HTTPServer.handle (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:211:3)
    at Object.handle (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:105:14)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:198:15)
Error: Can't set headers after they are sent.
    at ServerResponse.<anonymous> (http.js:527:11)
    at ServerResponse.setHeader (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/patch.js:50:20)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:162:13)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:150:23)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:207:9)
    at HTTPServer.handle (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:211:3)
    at Object.handle (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:105:14)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:198:15)
    at /home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/session.js:323:9
    at /home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/session.js:338:9

node.js:134
        throw e; // process.nextTick error, or 'error' event on first tick
        ^
Error: Can't set headers after they are sent.
    at ServerResponse.<anonymous> (http.js:527:11)
    at ServerResponse.setHeader (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/patch.js:50:20)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:162:13)
    at next (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/http.js:207:9)
    at /home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/session.js:323:9
    at /home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/session.js:338:9
    at Array.<anonymous> (/home/eugene/public_html/all_things_node/projects/fb2/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/session/memory.js:57:7)
    at EventEmitter._tickCallback (node.js:126:26)

以下是我的代码:

var fbId= "XXX";
var fbSecret= "XXXXXX";
var fbCallbackAddress= "http://127.0.0.1:8888/auth/facebook_callback"

var cookieSecret = "node";     // enter a random hash for security

var express= require('express');
var auth = require('connect-auth')
var app = express.createServer();


app.configure(function(){
    app.use(express.bodyParser());
    app.use(express.methodOverride());
    app.use(express.cookieParser());
    app.use(express.session({secret: cookieSecret}));
    app.use(auth([
        auth.Facebook({
            appId : fbId,
            appSecret: fbSecret,
            callback: fbCallbackAddress,
            scope: 'offline_access,email,user_about_me,user_activities,manage_pages,publish_stream',
            failedUri: '/noauth'
        })
    ]));
    app.use(app.router);
});


app.get('/auth/facebook', function(req, res) {
  req.authenticate("facebook", function(error, authenticated) {
    if (authenticated) {
      res.redirect("/great");
      console.log("ok cool.");
      console.log(res['req']['session']);
    }
  });
});

app.get('/noauth', function(req, res) {
  console.log('Authentication Failed');
  res.send('Authentication Failed');
});

app.get('/great', function( req, res) {
  res.send('Supercoolstuff');
});

app.listen(8888);

我可以知道我的代码有什么问题吗?

当前回答

很多人都犯过这个错误。这与异步处理很容易混淆。最有可能的是，你的一些代码在第一个tick设置头，然后你在未来的tick运行一个异步回调。在此期间，响应头被发送，但随后进一步的头(如30X重定向)尝试添加额外的头，但为时已晚，因为响应头已经被传输。

我不确定究竟是什么原因导致了您的错误，但请将所有回调作为潜在的调查领域。

简化代码的一个简单技巧。去掉app.configure()，直接在顶层作用域调用app.use。

请参见everyauth模块，该模块用于Facebook和十几个其他第三方身份验证提供商。

2011-08-12 18:24:37

其他回答

我不确定究竟是什么原因导致了您的错误，但请将所有回调作为潜在的调查领域。

简化代码的一个简单技巧。去掉app.configure()，直接在顶层作用域调用app.use。

请参见everyauth模块，该模块用于Facebook和十几个其他第三方身份验证提供商。

2011-08-12 18:24:37

显然，这种情况的发生有多种原因。很多情况都很复杂，但我的情况是一个相当简单的错误。

检查是否使用了正确的表单方法。默认值是GET，我忘记指定了。可以想象，我的GET路由逻辑在处理请求时做得很差。主体数据被设计为由我的POST路由逻辑解析。

2022-06-30 02:57:29

添加这个中间件就可以工作了

app.use(function(req,res,next){
 var _send = res.send;
var sent = false;
res.send = function(data){
    if(sent) return;
    _send.bind(res)(data);
    sent = true;
};
next();
});

2017-04-28 04:26:10

有一段时间我也遇到了这个错误。我想(希望)我已经想明白了，想把它写在这里供参考。

当你使用app.use方法添加中间件来连接或表达(建立在connect上)时，你在connect中将项目附加到Server.prototype.stack中(至少在当前的npm install connect中，它看起来与本文的github有很大不同)。当服务器收到请求时，它遍历堆栈，调用(request, response, next)方法。

问题是，如果在一个中间件项目中写入响应体或报头(出于某种原因，它看起来像是/或)，但没有调用response.end()，而是调用next()，然后作为核心Server.prototype.handle方法完成，它将注意到:

堆栈中没有更多的项，和/或这种反应。headerSent为true。

因此，它抛出一个错误。但是它抛出的错误只是这个基本的响应(来自connect http.js源代码:

res.statusCode = 404;
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
res.end('Cannot ' + req.method + ' ' + req.url);

就在那里，它调用res.setHeader('Content-Type'， 'text/plain');，你可能已经在你的渲染方法中设置了，而没有调用response.end()，类似于:

response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
response.write("<p>Hello World</p>");

所有东西的结构是这样的:

良好的中间件

// middleware that does not modify the response body
var doesNotModifyBody = function(request, response, next) {
  request.params = {
    a: "b"
  };
  // calls next because it hasn't modified the header
  next();
};

// middleware that modify the response body
var doesModifyBody = function(request, response, next) {
  response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
  response.write("<p>Hello World</p>");
  response.end();
  // doesn't call next()
};

app.use(doesNotModifyBody);
app.use(doesModifyBody);

有问题的中间件

var problemMiddleware = function(request, response, next) {
  response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
  response.write("<p>Hello World</p>");
  next();
};

有问题的中间件设置响应头时没有调用response.end()，而是调用next()，这会混淆connect的服务器。

2011-10-17 03:38:10

Express中的res对象是Node.js的http的子类。ServerResponse(读取http.js源代码)。你可以调用res.setHeader(name, value)，直到你调用res.writeHead(statusCode)。在writeHead之后，头被烘焙进去，你只能调用res.write(data)，最后调用res.end(data)。

错误“错误:发送后无法设置报头”意味着您已经处于Body或Finished状态，但某些函数试图设置报头或statusCode。当您看到此错误时，请尝试查找在已经写入部分正文之后试图发送头的任何内容。例如，查找意外调用两次的回调，或者在正文发送之后发生的任何错误。

在您的示例中，您调用了res.redirect()，这导致响应变为Finished。然后你的代码抛出一个错误(res.req是null)。并且由于错误发生在您的实际函数(req, res, next)(而不是回调函数)中，Connect能够捕获它，然后尝试发送一个500错误页面。但是由于头已经发送，Node.js的setHeader抛出了你所看到的错误。

Node.js/Express响应方法的综合列表，以及何时必须调用它们:

响应必须在头部，并保持在头部:

res.writeContinue () res.statusCode = 404 res.setHeader(名称、值) res.getHeader(名字) res.removeHeader(名字) res.header(key[， val]) res.charset = 'utf-8'(仅限Express;只影响特定于express的方法) res.contentType(类型)(仅适用于Express)

Response必须在Head中并成为Body:

作家(雕像，[原因]，[标题])

Response可以在Head/Body中任意一个，并保留在Body中:

res.write (chunk, encoding =‘utf8)

Response可以在Head/Body中任意一个，变成Finished:

res.end((数据),(编码))

响应可以在Head/Body中任意一个，并保持当前状态:

res.addTrailers(头)

响应必须在头部，成为完成:

return next([err]) (Connect/Express only) Any exceptions within middleware function(req, res, next) (Connect/Express only) res.send(body|status[, headers|status[, status]]) (Express only) res.attachment(filename) (Express only) res.sendfile(path[, options[, callback]]) (Express only) res.json(obj[, headers|status[, status]]) (Express only) res.redirect(url[, status]) (Express only) res.cookie(name, val[, options]) (Express only) res.clearCookie(name[, options]) (Express only) res.render(view[, options[, fn]]) (Express only) res.partial(view[, options]) (Express only)

2011-08-17 00:11:24

错误:发送到客户端后无法设置标头

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