由于我有时会遇到路径问题,我自己的一个cmd脚本被另一个程序隐藏(隐藏)(路径前面),所以我希望能够在Windows命令行上找到程序的完整路径,只要给出它的名称。
是否有与UNIX命令“which”等效的命令?
在UNIX上,哪个命令打印给定命令的完整路径,以便轻松查找和修复这些阴影问题。
由于我有时会遇到路径问题,我自己的一个cmd脚本被另一个程序隐藏(隐藏)(路径前面),所以我希望能够在Windows命令行上找到程序的完整路径,只要给出它的名称。
是否有与UNIX命令“which”等效的命令?
在UNIX上,哪个命令打印给定命令的完整路径,以便轻松查找和修复这些阴影问题。
当前回答
在PowerShell下,Get命令将在$Env:PATH中的任何位置找到可执行文件。
$ Get-Command eventvwr
CommandType Name Definition
----------- ---- ----------
Application eventvwr.exe c:\windows\system32\eventvwr.exe
Application eventvwr.msc c:\windows\system32\eventvwr.msc
因为powershell让我们定义别名,可以这样定义。
$ sal which gcm # short form of `Set-Alias which Get-Command`
$ which foo
...
PowerShell命令不仅仅是可执行文件(.exe、.ps1等)。它们也可以是cmdlet、函数、别名、在$Env:PATHEXT中设置的自定义可执行后缀等。Get Command能够查找并列出所有这些命令(与Bash的类型-a foo非常相似)。仅这一点就比where.exe、which.exe等(通常仅限于查找可执行文件)更好。
仅使用部分名称查找可执行文件
$ gcm *disk*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias Disable-PhysicalDiskIndication 2.0.0.0 Storage
Alias Enable-PhysicalDiskIndication 2.0.0.0 Storage
Function Add-PhysicalDisk 2.0.0.0 Storage
Function Add-VirtualDiskToMaskingSet 2.0.0.0 Storage
Function Clear-Disk 2.0.0.0 Storage
Cmdlet Get-PmemDisk 1.0.0.0 PersistentMemory
Cmdlet New-PmemDisk 1.0.0.0 PersistentMemory
Cmdlet Remove-PmemDisk 1.0.0.0 PersistentMemory
Application diskmgmt.msc 0.0.0.0 C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskmgmt.msc
Application diskpart.exe 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskpart.exe
Application diskperf.exe 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskperf.exe
Application diskraid.exe 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskraid.exe
...
查找自定义可执行文件
与UNIX不同,在UNIX中,可执行文件是设置了可执行(+x)位的文件,而windows上的可执行文件则是$PATH env中指定的一个目录中的文件。其文件名后缀在$PATHEXT env中命名的变量。变量(默认为.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.CPL)。
作为Get Command,也将此env作为荣誉。变量,它可以扩展为列出自定义可执行文件。例如
$ $Env:PATHEXT="$Env:PATHEXT;.dll;.ps1;.psm1;.py" # temporary assignment, only for this shell's process
$ gcm user32,kernel32,*WASM*,*http*py
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
ExternalScript Invoke-WASMProfiler.ps1 C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Invoke-WASMProfiler.ps1
Application http-server.py 0.0.0.0 C:\Users\ME\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\http-server.py
Application kernel32.dll 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\kernel32.dll
Application user32.dll 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\user32.dll
有关更多选项和示例,请参见获取命令。
其他回答
Windows Server 2003及更高版本(即Windows XP 32位之后的任何版本)提供了where.exe程序,该程序可以执行某些操作,尽管它匹配所有类型的文件,而不仅仅是可执行命令。(它与内置的shell命令(如cd)不匹配。)它甚至会接受通配符,因此nt*可以在%PATH%和当前目录中查找名称以nt开头的所有文件。
尝试在哪里/?寻求帮助。
请注意,Windows PowerShell将where定义为where-Object cmdlet的别名,因此如果需要where.exe,则需要键入全名,而不是省略.exe扩展名。或者,您可以为其设置别名:
Set-Alias which where.exe
更新:建议使用Get命令(别名:gcm),因为它是PS的本机命令,并将获取所有命令类型:别名、cmdlet、可执行文件和函数。例子:
gcm notepad*
Windows没有现货,但它是由Services for Unix提供的,有几个简单的批处理脚本可以完成相同的任务,比如这一个。
Cygwin是一个解决方案。如果您不介意使用第三方解决方案,那么Cygwin就是您的选择。
Cygwin在Windows环境中为您提供了*nix的舒适性(您可以在Windows命令shell中使用它,也可以选择使用*nix shell)。它为您提供了一整套适用于Windows的*nix命令(如),您可以将该目录包含在PATH中。
JPSoft的TCC和TCC/LE是CMD.EXE的替代品,增加了重要的功能。与OP的问题相关,这是TCC系列命令处理器的内置命令。
如果你能找到一个免费的Pascal编译器,你就可以编译它。至少它可以工作,并且显示了必要的算法。
program Whence (input, output);
Uses Dos, my_funk;
Const program_version = '1.00';
program_date = '17 March 1994';
VAR path_str : string;
command_name : NameStr;
command_extension : ExtStr;
command_directory : DirStr;
search_dir : DirStr;
result : DirStr;
procedure Check_for (file_name : string);
{ Check existence of the passed parameter. If exists, then state so }
{ and exit. }
begin
if Fsearch(file_name, '') <> '' then
begin
WriteLn('DOS command = ', Fexpand(file_name));
Halt(0); { structured ? whaddayamean structured ? }
end;
end;
function Get_next_dir : DirStr;
{ Returns the next directory from the path variable, truncating the }
{ variable every time. Implicit input (but not passed as parameter) }
{ is, therefore, path_str }
var semic_pos : Byte;
begin
semic_pos := Pos(';', path_str);
if (semic_pos = 0) then
begin
Get_next_dir := '';
Exit;
end;
result := Copy(Path_str, 1, (semic_pos - 1)); { return result }
{ Hmm! although *I* never reference a Root drive (my directory tree) }
{ is 1/2 way structured), some network logon software which I run }
{ does (it adds Z:\ to the path). This means that I have to allow }
{ path entries with & without a terminating backslash. I'll delete }
{ anysuch here since I always add one in the main program below. }
if (Copy(result, (Length(result)), 1) = '\') then
Delete(result, Length(result), 1);
path_str := Copy(path_str,(semic_pos + 1),
(length(path_str) - semic_pos));
Get_next_dir := result;
end; { Of function get_next_dir }
begin
{ The following is a kludge which makes the function Get_next_dir easier }
{ to implement. By appending a semi-colon to the end of the path }
{ Get_next_dir doesn't need to handle the special case of the last entry }
{ which normally doesn't have a semic afterwards. It may be a kludge, }
{ but it's a documented kludge (you might even call it a refinement). }
path_str := GetEnv('Path') + ';';
if (paramCount = 0) then
begin
WriteLn('Whence: V', program_version, ' from ', program_date);
Writeln;
WriteLn('Usage: WHENCE command[.extension]');
WriteLn;
WriteLn('Whence is a ''find file''type utility witha difference');
Writeln('There are are already more than enough of those :-)');
Write ('Use Whence when you''re not sure where a command which you ');
WriteLn('want to invoke');
WriteLn('actually resides.');
Write ('If you intend to invoke the command with an extension e.g ');
Writeln('"my_cmd.exe param"');
Write ('then invoke Whence with the same extension e.g ');
WriteLn('"Whence my_cmd.exe"');
Write ('otherwise a simple "Whence my_cmd" will suffice; Whence will ');
Write ('then search the current directory and each directory in the ');
Write ('for My_cmd.com, then My_cmd.exe and lastly for my_cmd.bat, ');
Write ('just as DOS does');
Halt(0);
end;
Fsplit(paramStr(1), command_directory, command_name, command_extension);
if (command_directory <> '') then
begin
WriteLn('directory detected *', command_directory, '*');
Halt(0);
end;
if (command_extension <> '') then
begin
path_str := Fsearch(paramstr(1), ''); { Current directory }
if (path_str <> '') then WriteLn('Dos command = "', Fexpand(path_str), '"')
else
begin
path_str := Fsearch(paramstr(1), GetEnv('path'));
if (path_str <> '') then WriteLn('Dos command = "', Fexpand(path_str), '"')
else Writeln('command not found in path.');
end;
end
else
begin
{ O.K, the way it works, DOS looks for a command firstly in the current }
{ directory, then in each directory in the Path. If no extension is }
{ given and several commands of the same name exist, then .COM has }
{ priority over .EXE, has priority over .BAT }
Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.com'); { won't return if file is found }
Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.exe');
Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.bat');
{ Not in current directory, search through path ... }
search_dir := Get_next_dir;
while (search_dir <> '') do
begin
Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.com');
Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.exe');
Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.bat');
search_dir := Get_next_dir;
end;
WriteLn('DOS command not found: ', paramstr(1));
end;
end.